Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/165

* GRAPE CUBE. 141 GRAPHIC METHOD. grape cure is systematically administered. Accord- ing to Carri^re, tin- cure iVinufrly consisted of an exclusive diet of grapes, taken to repletion. It was usual to commence with a pound, and rapidly increase the amount to eight pounds a day. The first meal, consisting of a large amount of grapes, was eaten early in the bedroom. The second meal was taken in the vineyard, at breakfast time. The third meal, at noon, after the morning walk, consisted of bread and water. The fourth meal was taken early in the evening, and con- sisted of grapes only. It has been found that an exclusive diet of grapes causes emaciation; while if meats and other food be added the patient gains. The modified grape cure now in vogue therefore includes a largo quantity of grapes be- fore breakfast, with bread, if preferred; a break- fast, an hour later, of bread, tea, <ir coffee, or cocoa, and a broth ; grapes again an hour before the midday meal, and again an hour before the evening meal. Grapes difTer much in composition ; but Smith gives the following percentage for ripe, medium- sized grapes: Soluble Grape-sugar 13.8 Tartaric acid 1.12 Xitroj^enous matter 8 Gum, fat. etc 5 Salts 36 Water ; 79.8 Insolcble Skins, stones, etc 2.6 Pectose 9 Mineral matter ^ 12 From the experiments of Bichof and Voigt we learn that a diet of 400 grams of meat and 300 grams of grape-sugar caused a gain of 92 grams in weight in one who had lost 23 grams under a diet of 500 grams of meat and 200 grams of grape-sugar, and had lost 230 grams under a diet of 500 grams of meat and 100 grams of grape- sugar. Therefore about 4 pounds of grapes daily, with nourishing meats and some bread, form the proper diet at a grape-cure establishment. The grape cure has been of advantage' in diarrhcea, dysentery (non-amoebic), hjemorrhoids, engorge- ment of the spleen, and plethora of the portal system ; and has caused improvement in cases of tuberculosis, gout, and some skin diseases. Un- doubtedly regular habits of life, suflicient sleep, out-of-door life, climate, and water play a signifi- cant part in all improvement secured from a grape cure. GRAPE-EATER. See White-Eye. GRAPE FAMILY. See Vitace.e. GRAPEFRtriT (so called from the flavor, which resembles that of the grape). Pomelo, Pu- MELO, POMPELMOS, SHADDOCK (Citnis Deciiniana, Linn; Pomelanus, Hort. ). A valuable dessert fruit of the genus Citrus, extensively cultivated in Florida. California. India, the West Indies, and most tropical countries. Round-fruited sorts are called pomelos or grapefruits, and are of most commercial value; the pear-shaped sorts, or .shad- docks, are grown more as curiosities, and are seldom found in the markets. For illustration, see Colored Plate of Citrus Fruit.s. GRAPE HYACINTH (so named from the flower-clusters in some species resembling small clusters of grapes). Mnscari. A genus of 40 or 50 species of bulbous-rooted, spring-blooming plants, of the order Liliaeese, nearly allied to the hyacinth, but dillVring in the globose or subcylin- drical perianth, contracted at the mouth. The species are natives chiefly of the Mediterranean region and the warmer temperate parts of Asia. GRAPE HYACINTH. Some of them are frequent in our flower-borders. The musk hyacinth (Muscari moschatum) has a smell of musk. Mtiscari raceiiwsum is a some- what doubtful native of the south of England. The common grape hyacinth {Muscari hotryoides), a native of the Mediterranean region, has escaped from cultivation in various parts of the United States. It has pale blue flowers, and is exten- sively cultivated. Numerous varieties of this and other species are known to the horticultural trade. GRAPE-SHOT. A number of small projectiles secured together by an iron pin, or a series of iron plates containing holes in which the shot is held. Formerly a very effective form of shot, but now practically superseded. See Aktillebt; Canisteb; Ordnaxce; Projectiles; Shrapnel. GRAPE-SUGAR. See CxLUCOSE. GRAPHIC METHOD. The method of repre- senting relations between magnitudes by a dia- gram. In arithmetic, comparisons of statistics may often be represented graphically; e.g. the