Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/161

* GRANT. 137 GRANVELLA. affection of the throat, and he died at Mount MacGregor. near Saratoga. N. Y.. July 2.S. 1885. Until a few days before his deatli he was dili- gently engaged in writing his memoirs, in order, by their sale, to make provision for his family. His body found its final resting-plaee in a mag- nificent tomb In Riverside Park, New York City, overlooking the Hudson River. Memoirs of General Grant's career are numer- ous. Soon after the Civil War General Adam Badeau, his aide near the close of the war, wrote his Military History, in three octavo volumes (New York, 18G7-811. In his later years Gen- eral Grant was induced to contribute to the Cen'.ury Magazine many articles which attracted widespread attention, and were afterwards pub- lished in the work entitled: Battles- and Leaders of the Civil War (New York, 4 vols., 1887), and in his Personal Memoirs (New Y'ork. 2 vols., 1885). The dedication of the volumes last named, "To the American Soldier and Sailor,'' is dated New Y'ork, May 23, 1885, and the preface at Mount MacGregor, July 1. 1885. There is a short and excellent biography by Col. W. C. Church (New York, 1897) ;' another by Gen. James Grant Wilson (New Y'ork, 1868; re- vised ed. 188t)) ; a study of the ancestry of General Grant by E. C. Marshall (1800). and a story of his tour around tlie world by John Russell Y'oung. Less noteworthy are Coppee's Grant and His Campaigns (1866). and Headley's Grant and t<hermav (1860). Among the eulogies of General Grant, that by Henry Ward Beecher, in Boston, October 22, 1885. desen-es special men- tion. For a further account of his administra- tions as President, see the article United States. GRANT, Sir William (1752-1832). A Brit- ish jurist and politician, born at Elchies on the Spey. He was educated at King's College. Aber- deen, and at Leyden University, and was called to the bar in 1774. He was appointed Attorney- General of Canada in 1770, but a few years later returned to England, where he at first met with small success. In accordance with Pitt's ad- vice he entered Parliament in 1790, and soon attained great prominence in that body. He held a number of political offices, notably that of Solicitor-General in Pitt's Administration, which procured him the honor of knighthood. In 1801 he was appointed JIaster of the Rolls, an office which he held for more than sixteen years, and in the discharge of which he made an enviable reputation as a judge. Consult: Townsend, Lives of Twelve Eminent Judges (1846), and Brougham, Statesmen of the Time of George III. (1839). GRAN'TA. An English river. See Cam. GRANTHAM, grant'<mi. An ancient market- town in I-incolnshire. England, on the Witham, 23 miles south-southwest of Lincoln (Map: Eng- land, F 4). It is connected with the river Trent by a canal 30 miles long. It has neigh- boring iron-mines and considerable trade in malt- ing, and manufactures of iron, leatlier, paper, brick, agricultural implements, and coaches. Its notable buildings are the restored Church of Saint Wulfram. founded in the thirteenth cen- tury, and surmounted by an elegant spire, 270 feet high : the thirteenth-century .Yngel Inn. where King .Tohn held court and Richard III. signed Buckingham's death warrant; the free grammar school, founded in 1528, where Sir Isaac Newton was educated ; the guild hall with its spacious a.ssembly room ; the town hall ; the two exchanges; the literary institute; and the librarj-. A bronze statue of Sir Isaac Newton graces Saint Peter's Hill. Tlie town owns the markets. (Jrantham was incorporated in 1463 by Edward IV., and is represented by one member in Parliament. Here, on May 13*, 1043, Oliver Cromwell fought his first successful battle. Population, in 1891, 16,700; in 1901, 17,600. Consult Tumor. History of the Town and Hoke of Grantham (London, 1806). GRANT'S GAZELLE. See Gazelle. GRANTS PASS. A city and the county-seat of Josephine County, Ore., 300 miles south of Port- land, on the Rogue River and on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: Oregon, B 7). It has extensive manufactures of lumber in various products, and carries on a large trade as the centre of an agricultural, lumbering, and mining district. There are also railroad machine-shops, brickyards, and other industrial plants. Popu- lation', in 1890, 1432; in 1900, 2290. GRANULAR LIDS. See Coxjunctivitis. GRANULATION. A process of healing in wounds whose bleeding surfaces cannot be brought together. In wounds that can be closed, healing often takes place by 'first intention.' (See Wounds.) In an open wound, about the seventh day there appears in its depths a mass of bright reddish material arising from all sides, composed of small papilUe. The surface of this new growth is pebbled or granular, and it con- sists of a number of cells, together with new connective tissue provided with many looping ar- teries. The surface is sheathed with pus. 'These papilhp are called granulations. In most cases, where the successive laj'ers of granulations reach the level of the surface of the wounded part, the integument shoots forth from the margins, finally meeting in the centre, and the wound skins over. In other cases the gramilations grow above the surface in heaps, and are then termed exuberant granulations, or, yulgarl-, "proud Hesh.' Some- times after granvilation has conunenced in a wound its surfaces may be brought together and adhere, presenting an instance of union by 'sec- ond intention.' It is a fortunate circumstance that granulation tissue is a protection against the invasion of bacteria. The wall-like aggi-ega- tion of leucocytes, new connective-tissue cor- puscles, and new blood-vessels presents no open lymph -spaces through which alone the micro- organisms gain entrance. GRANVELLA, griin-vel'ya. Antoine Perbe- NOT, Lord of (1517-86). A Spanish cardinal and statesman. He was the son of Nicholas Perrenot, Lord of Granvella, Secretary of State under Charles V. and one of that Emperor's most in- fluential ministers, and was bom at Ornans in Burgundy, August 20, 1517. He pursued the study of law and theology at the universities of Padua, Paris, and Louvain, and at the age of twenty-three was made Bishop of Arras. Through his father's influence he speedily came to play an important part in the political affairs of the Empire, His defense of Charles's policy delivered at the opening of the Council of Trent (1545) gained him the permanent giX)d will of the Em- peror, who employed him in his negotiations w'ith the Protestant princes of Germany in 1547, and who in 1550 made him Secretary of State on the