Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/142

* GEANADA. 120 GKANABD. Mnors, and of various Moslem and Christian festivals, tournaments, etc. ; the Plaza Nueva, laid out on a Roman bridge over the Darro, is tlio lower terminus of a street leading to the Alhambra. Tlic beautifully shaded Alameda is continued along Ihe Jenil by the attractive Paseo del Salon and Paseo de la Bomba, while on the opposite banli is the Paseo del Violon. Preeminent among the architectural features of Granada is the Alhambra ( q.v. ). The 6en- er.alife, the summer palace of the Moorish princes, is next in interest among the ruined splendors of the Jloslem power. Other examples of the Moor- ish style are still extant, and a number of the Christian churches of to-day are constructed on Moorish foundations, some of them incorporating parts of the mosques which they supplanted. Be- sides the cathedral., one of the finest Renaissance structures in Spain, there are many notable churches, that of San Jeronimo having an his- torical interest, since it contains the tomb of Gon- salvo de Cordova, whose remains, however, were desecrated by a mob and thrown to the winds. The cathedral, by Diego de Siloe. dating from 1529, though not completed until a century later, is richly decorated with marbles, and has nu- merous statues and paintings by Spanish artists, and the tombs, among others, of Ferdinand and Isabella in the Royai Chapel, which was founded by them, Granada is an archiepiscopal see. It is the seat of a university, founded in 1531, with five faculties and three hundred students, occupy- ing the old monastery of the Compafn'a de .lesus (.Jesuits) .and has a theological seminary and sev- eral other colleges, a normal school, and a school of fine arts. There are the provincial and the university library with 40,000 volumes and valu- able manuscripts, a botanical garden, the museum of the Alhambra. and archaeological and art mu- seums. The charitable institutions include several hospitals and houses of refuge, an insane asylum, a maternity hospital, an asylum for the poor. etc. The imposing fortress (Torres Bermejas). built as a protection against the rebel Mozarabs, or Christian partisans of the Moors, has been con- verted into a prison. Industrially, Granada is comparatively unimportant ; it has, however, manufactures of textiles, paper, leather, liquors, hats, soap, flour, starch, macaroni, chocolate, etc. There is considerable commerce with the adjacent provinces, the trade being confined large- ly to the agricultural products .of the Vega of Granada, celebrated in history as the scene of contest between the iloorish and Christian chiv- alrv, liut known also for its fei'tility. Popula- tion, in 1000. 75,570. Granada arose near the site of the ancient II- libcris, the Eliheri of the Iberians. It is men- tioned in the accounts of the early Arabian au- thors, and probably existed in the seventh century A.D. Occupied by the Saracens in the eighth cen- tury, it became in the thirteenth century the capital of the extensive Kingdom of Granada, and developed under the Moorish rule into a renowned centre of wealth, learning, and power, at its zenith having, it is said, between 400,000 and 500,000. The last stronghold of the Moorish pow- er, it was invested by the armies of Ferdinand and Isabella, and after a twelve months' siege, famous for heroic exploits on both sides, it sur- rendered at the close of 1491, and in January, 1492. the Christian sovereigns made their entry into the city. There were numerous tumults and revolts occasioned by the events leading up to the final expulsion of the Moors in 1609; meanwhile Granada was slowly declining. The city was taken by the French in 1810 and in 1823, and in most of the revolutionary movements of the nine- teenth century it played a part, being known as a liberal stronghold. Earthquakes caused some damage in 1884-85, and- a fire in 1890 raged over a part of the Alhambra. GRANADILtA (Sp., diminutive of grana- da, pomegranate). The edible fruit of certain species of passion-flower (q.v.). The common granadilla (Fassiflo-ra qiiadrungularis) is exten- sively distributed over tropical regions and much cultivated. The plant is a luxuriant and very ornamental climber, often emploj-ed to form ar- GRANADILLA (PasBitlora quadrangulariB). bors and covered walks. It has large, beautiful, and fragrant flowers; oblong, fragrant fruit, often six inches in diameter, with a sweet and slightly acid pulp, very gratefully cooling. It is often eaten with w'ine and sugar. The apple-fruited granadilla, or sweet calabash (Passiflora mali- formis), is plentiful in the woods of Jamaica, where it forms a considerable part of the food of wild swine. It is a very agreeable fruit, about two inches in diameter, with a gelatinous pulp and a rind so hard that it is sometimes made into snuff-bo.xes and toys. The laurel-leaved granadilla {Passiflora laurifolia), sometimes called water-lemon in the West Indies, has very long tendrils and bears red and violet flowers, and a fruit about the size of a hen's egg. The pulp, which is of a delicious, slightly acid flavor, is so watery that it is usually sucked through a hole in the rind. Several kinds of granadilla are occasionally cultivated in hothouses. In the south of Etirope, Florida, and sotithern California they grow in the open air. Passiflora alala. a native of Brazil, by some botanists considered identical* with Passiflora maliformis, produces an edible fruit about five inches long that is considered one of the best of the granadillas. Many ot the other species have edible fruits. Passiflora incarnata, called maypops, is connnon in the Southern United States, where its fruits are eaten. See Colored Plate of Passion-Flowers. GRANAE.D', George Forbe.s, Earl of (1685- (17G5). An English sailor and diplomat, born in Ireland, son of Arthtir Forbes, second Earl of Granard, and Mary Rawdon. He entered the navy when he was seventeen, and was under Rooke at the taking of Gibraltar. After serving at Malaga (1704), in the Channel, capturing French privateers (1705), and at the siege of Ostend ( 1700). he was transferred to the cavalry, but left it after a year (1708). On the recom-