Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/116

* GOZZI. censura di Dante, etc. (1755). The complete edi- tions of his works are 11 tnondo morale (1760), and Lettere fiiinigliari (1755). The complete edi- tions of his worlcs (Venice. 12 vols., 1794; Ber- gamo. 20 vols., 1825-29) include some poems. GOZZO, got'so. See Gozo. GOZZOLI, got'so-le, Benozzo (1420-98). A Florentine painter of the early Renaissance. His real name was Benozzo di Lese, and he was born near Florence. He began his career as a goldsmith, and assisted Ghiberti on the bronze gates of the Baptistery at Florence. A pupil of Fra Angelico, he assisted him in the painting of the vault in the Chapel of the Madonna di San Brizio, in the cathedral at Orvieto. in 1447 : the follow- ing tno years he was at Rome, and from 1450 to 1452 at Jlontefalco. Pei'haps the greatest monument to his style is in the frescoes, executed in 1459, in the private chapel of the Riccardi Palace, Florence. The subject of the paintings is the ".Story of the Jlagi," which is interpreted "with a true love for the pageant of the fifteenth tentury. It is executed with the cliarm of a miniature on a large scale, and a decorative quality rarely equaled in the same century. From 1464 to 1467 he painted an important series from the life of Saint Augustine, in the Church of San Agostino at San Gimignano. The series of twenty-two frescoes on the wall of the Campo Santo, Pisa, is a testimony to his ver.sa- tility in the interpretation of scenes from the history of the Old Testament, beginning with the "Life of Xoah," and ending with the "Visit of the Queen of Slieba to Solomon." The Pisans .showed their appreciation of this great work by presenting him with a sarcophagus, in which he was interred on his death at Pisa, in 149S. His color was light in tones; his technique smooth in quality; his subjects were interpreted with a religious feeling and poetic naturalness, each detail being painted with a goldsmith's love for the decorative quality. His story-telling quality is his greatest achievement, revealing his varied interests as a portrait painter, landscape painter, animal painte'r. costumer, architect, and decorator. His easel pictures arc rare. The best known are two "Madonnas with Four Saints." in the Gallery of Perugia, and in the National Galleiy, London; and the "Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas," in the Louvre. Consult: Vasari, Vite, ed. by Milanesi (Florence. 1878-85; English translation, Blashfield and Hopkins, vol. ii. (Xew York, 1897); Llibke, Geschichte rler italicnischen ila- lerei, vol. i. (Stuttgart. 1878) ; P. Lasinio, Pit- ture a fresco del Campo Santo di Pisa (Florence, 1832). GRAAF, grilf. Recnier de (1641-73). A cele- Fbrated Dutch physician, born at Schoonhoven. '■He studied under Sylvius at the University of il^eyden. In 1664 he published his Disputatio jMedirn de Natura et Usii .Succi Pancreatici, which gained for him a great reputation. After a short residence in France, where he took ' his doctor's degree at Angers in 16G5, he returned to Holland, and settled at Delft. He discovered, in 1672, the follicles of the ovary which are named after him. He published several disserta- tions on the organs of generation in both sexes, w-hieh involved him in a controversy with Swam- nierdam. An edition of his complete works was first published in 1677. 94 GBABBE. GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES, or VESICLES. See Gka.F; 0ART. GRAAF REINET, griif ri'net. The capital of a division of the same name in Cape Colony, situated on the Sunday River, 184 miles by rail from Port Elizabeth (Map: Cape Colony, "j 8). Its railway connections with the coast give it considerable commercial importance. In the vi- cinity are mineral springs. Population, in 1891, 5946. GRAAL, gral. Holt. See Gr.il, The Holt. GRAB (Marathi gurab, ghurab, from Ar. ghitrdb, from gharaba, to go). The Anglo-Indian name for the large dat-bottomed coasting vessel, of 150 to 300 tons, used on the coast of Hin- dustan. It lias usually two masts. Its most peculiar feature is the extension of the upper deck over the projecting prow, the extension being separated from the fiwecastle by a bulk- head. Vhen armed, as many of them were in the days of the Indian JIarine, these vessels carried 12-pounders, or guns of less calibre. They were also used .at one time by the native pirates of the coast. GRAB, grab, ICarl (1816-84). A German ar- chitectural and landscajje painter, born in Ber- lin, where he studied under the Court Theatre painter, I. Gerst, and at the Academy. In 1839 lie set out to travel in Switzerland, Southern France, the Pyrenees, Italy, and Sicily, and after his return, in 1843, was for several years asso- ciated with Gerst in decorative work; but about 1851 devoted himself almost exclusively to the painting of easel pictures, cultivating architectur- al subjects, especially the interior of mediicval churches, which he depicted with a rare knowl- edge of perspective and architectural detail, vigorous coloring, and beautiful light efTects. Among the finest of these views are: "Choir in the Cathedral at Halberstadt" (1854), RavenC- Cialleiy. Berlin ; "The .Scaliger Tombs in Verona" ( 18591 ; '"Tombs of the Mansfeld Family in Saint Andrews at Eisleben" (1860) and "Lectern in Halberstadt Cathedral" (1870), both in the Xational Galleiy, Berlin; "Interior of Old Syna- gogue in Prague" (1876). in the Breslau Museum. His landscapes are likewise of a high order, and in water-colors he painted, by royal order, ninety- four masterly views from the castles of Stolzen- fels, Potsdam, Charlottenburg, and others. In the new museum at Berlin he executed two mural paintings of ancient Athens and Olympia. He was made Court painter in 1851, profes.sor at the Academy in 1855. and was awai'ded the great gold medal at the Berlin Exhibition in 1854. GRABBE, grab1)p, Christian Dietrich (1801-36). A Gennan dramatist, born at Det- mold. He studied law at Leipzig and Berlin, and wrote his first drama at eighteen, Eer^og Theodor von Gothland. He then went on the stage, and after failing as an actor, returned to the law. and finally obtained a military position in his native town (1827). This he did not keep long, owing to his irregular life, and he ultimately died from the effects of continued drinking. His plavs further include: Don Juan vnd Faust (1829) :' Fried rich Barbarossa (1829) ; Heinrich VI. (18301 ; Xapoleon oder die Hundert Toge (1831) : and Hannibal (1835). His dramas betray dramatic power of a very high order, but are marred bv eccentricities of language and