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* GOTZEN. 79 GOUGE. GOTZEN, gets'en, Frierricii, Count (1767- 1820). A Prussian gonoral, born at Potsdam. He entered the army in ITS.'S. and was appointed major on the general stall' in 1801. lie had the fullest confidence of King Frederick William III., who appointed him his chief adjutant in 1S04, and at whose request he was sent to organize the defense of Silesia. As (lOvernor-Cieneral of that province, he displayed extraordinary patriotism during the critical period of the is'apoleonic in- vasion, and was ehietiy instrumental, by his sUill and persistent energy, in saving that province to the Prussian Crown. GOTZEN, Gu.STAV Adolf, Count von ( 18G6— ) . A Cernuui traveler, born at the Castle of Scharfe- neck, Silesia. He undertook a journey to the Kili- manjaro, which was highly successful, and on his second tour traversed the entire continent of Africa from Pangani, German East Africa, to the mouth of the Congo. The journey, undertaken in association with Drs. von Prittwitz and Kersting, was begun December '21, 1893, and was ter- minated, after almost incredible difficulties and hardships, November 29, 1894. The interesting discoveries made by Giitzen on this tour are de- scribed by him in the volume entitled Diiich Afrilca von Ost nach West (1895). In 1896 he was sent to Washington as military and naval attache, in 1900 was appointed Governor of Ger- man East Africa, and in 1901 major and com- mander of the defensive forces there stationed. GOTZENBERGEB, gets'cn-berg-er, .Jakob (1800-66). A German historical painter, born in Heidelberg, pupil of Cornelius, first at Diissel- dorf, then in Munich. With Fiirster and Hermann he painted (1832), in the Aula of the University at Bonn, the frescoes representing the Faculties, for which he had made studies in Rome and Naples in 1828. A cycle in fresco in the chapel at Nierstein. Hesse, made his reputation. He was appointed Court painter and inspector of the gallery at ilannheim, visited Paris and London with Cornelius, and in 1844 decorated the Trink- balle at Baden-Baden with illustrations of the legends of the Black Forest. In 1847 he went to England, where he painted many portraits and some frescoes, of which those in Bridgewater House for Lord Ellesmere, and four great com- positions after an old English ballad, in Nor- thumberland Palace, are the most noteworthy. GOTZKOWSKI, gets-kov'ske, or GOTSKOW- SKI, .TonA>-N ERX.ST (1710-7.5). A Prussian merchant and patriot, born at Konitz. In 1730 he removed to Berlin, where, supported by the patronage of the Crown, he introdticed the manu- facture of porcelain in 1761 at the request, it is said, of Frederick the Great. After the b.ittle of Kunersdorf (17.59). so damaging to Prussia, he used his influence with the Russian general who was laying siege to Berlin (1760), to guard the city against plundering, and to reduce the heavy tribute levied u]>on the inhabitants. GOTZ (gets) OF THE IRON HAND. See Berliciiixgen, Gotz von. GOXJDA, Gou'da (Dutch Tcr Goua on the Gouw). A town of Holland, situated at the con- lluence of the Gouw and the Yssel, I2V2 miles northeast of Rotterdam (ilap: Netherlands, C 2). In the market-place stand the Late-Gothic town hall and the Church of .Saint John, dating from 1485, and restored in 1552, with magnificent stained-glass windows, most of them made by the brothers Crabetli between 1555 and 1577. Gouda has a library located in the church, and a urn- seum of antiipiities. The chief industries are brick pottery and pi|)(:^-making, the Gouda xis having formerly been veiy famous. Stearin candles are also nuinufactured here, and an active trade is carried on in dairy products and grain. The canal of Gouda connects Amsterdam with the Lek. Population, in 1889, 19,800; in 1900, 22,100. GOUDIMEL, goo'de'mOl', Claude (c.lSOo- 72). .V famous French musician and composer of the sixteenth century, born at the town of Besanyon. He is thought to have been a puidl of the celebrated Josquin Depr6s (q.v.). Among his own pupils are numbered such distinguished musicians as Palestrina, Animuccia, Nanini. Bet- tini, Mervlo; his school in Rome (established about 1538) becoming so famous for its instruc- tion, and the character and number of its stu- dents, as to earn for the master the sobriquet of 'father of the Roman school.' He is next heard of as a printer and publisher of music, in partnership with Duchemin, an arrangement, however, early dissolved (1555-56). Whether he was really implicated in the religious troubles of his day, or the jealousy of rivals used such an excuse to secure their ends, is not known, but he was killed at Lyons in the ghastly Saint Barthol- omew massacre of August 24, 1572. His compo- sitions were almost entirely for the Church, the Vatican Library, and also that at Vallicella, con- taining several masses and motets, in manuscript. jMany other motets, songs, and arrangements were published during his lifetime, but perhaps his setting of the Psalms, which received the for- mal approval and recognition of the Sorbonne in 1561, was the most enduring, GOUDY, gou'di, Hej^rt (1848—). A British jurist. He was born in Ireland, and was edu- cated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Kiinigsberg. Upon the establishment of the Judicial Review he became its editor, and con- ducted that publication until 1893. He was professor of civil law at Edinburgh from 1880 to 1893, when he was called in the same capac- ity to Oxford. Besides several contributions to the Enct/clopadia Britannica, he was co-editor on the Manual of Local Gocernme^it hi t^collaiid (18S0). and also edited the second edition of Muirhead's Private Law of Rome (1898). His Treatise on the Law of Bankruptcy in Scotland (2d ed. 1896) is regarded as a valuable con- tribution to that subject. GOUGE, Thomas (1609-81). A non-conform- ist divine and philanthropist, bom in London, September 29, 1609, the son of William Gouge (q.v.). He was educated at Eton and Cam- bridge, and was Vicar of Saint Sepulchre's, Lon- don (1638-62). Here he won distinction by well-directed efforts to provide work for the able- bodied poor. In 1662 he resigned his living be- cause of the Uniformity Act, and retired to Hammersmith. In 1672 he began making semi- annual jotirneys to Wales for the purpose of establishing schools where English should be taught, and circulating religious books. He wrote himself several works and numerous tracts, some of which were translated into Welsh. His collected works were published in London (1706). His Surest and, Safest Wnij of Thriving was re- printed, with introduction by Thomas Binney