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* ENGELBRECHTSEN. 77 ENGELBRECHTSEN, 6ng'el-br6Kt'sen J Cor- NEIJS (1468-1533). A Dutch painter, bom a1 Leyden. Owing to the destruction of most of his pictures during the Reformation, onlj two well- authenticated works of larger dimensions from liis brush remain. They are the altar-pieces re- spectively representing the "Crucifixion" and the "Pieta," in the town hall at Leyden. Engelbrecht- sen became known chiefly through his pupil l.n. ;ts, ut Leyden. ENGELHARD, gng'el-hart, Wilhelm (1813- 1902). A German sculptor and painter. II.' was born at Griinhagen, near Liineburg, Prussia.and studied sculpture at Hanover, with Thorwaldsen at Copenhagen, and with Schwanthaler - < * Munich. In 1857, at the request of George Y., King of Hanover, he 1 executed the famous frieze in the Marienburg Palaee representing the story of the Edda — a colossal work dealing with the main features of the Saga and rich in grand sculptural effects. There arc also statues by him at Munich, Rome, Hanover, Berlin, and else- where. ENGELHARDT, G euro von (1775-1862). A Russian statesman and author. He was born at Riga, and at the age of fifteen went to Saint Petersburg, where, in 1790, he became an em- ployee in the Department of Foreign Affairs. Alex- ander I. subsequently appointed him Under-Secre- tary of State in the newly created Imperial Coun- cil.' In 1SU he became director of the Pedagog- ical Institute, and in 1816 he was transferred in the same capacity to the lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo, whence, however, lie was removed in 1823 because of his pronounced liberalism. He was editor of the Russische Landioirtschaftliche Zeitung from 1S38 to 1852, and published the manuscript journals of Wrangel, the explorer, in the work entitled Reise lungs der Nordkiiste von Sibirien und auf dem Eismeer (1830). ENGELHARDT, Moritz von (1779-1842). A Russian naturalist. He was born in Esthonia, and was educated at the universities of Leipzig and Gbttingen. In company with Karl von Rau- mer he traveled through central Europe and England, and in 1811 he undertook a journey with Friedrich von Parrot through the Crimea and the Caucasus. The results of his extensive tour through Finland in 1818 were published in the work entitled Geognostischer Vmriss von Fin- land, vol. i. of an elaborately projected Darst el- lung aus dem Felsgrbiiitde Russlands (1821). Prom 1820 to 1830 he was professor of mineral- ogy at Dorpat, and in 1826 he entered upon those extensive travels through Russia in the course of which he discovered the vast deposits of gold, platinum, and diamonds described in his famous reports published at Riga in 1828 and 1830. His other literary productions include a description of his first extensive tour, published by him jointly with his companion Raumer in the works respectively entitled Geognostische Versuche (1816) and Geognostische Umrisse (1817). ENG'ELMANN, Georoe (1809-84). An American botanist. He was born at Frankfort- on-the-Main. was educated at the universities of Heidelberg. Berlin, and Wfirzburg, and became established as a physician at Saint Louis, Mo., in 1S35. In 1836 he began the publication of the newspaper Das Westland, at one time well known ENGERTH. through its i-. ill. at descriptions of Western life and manners. It was, however, as a botanist that Engelmanrj became widelj celebrated. Although the greatest, authority on the North America? vine and cactus, Engelmann also gav< nsidei able attention !>• other species of plants, furnish ing report-, oi his discoveries and investij to tbc Government. He was the lir-t president of the Saint I is Academy of Science; and hit valuable botanical collection, so important in establishing the nomenclature of numerous botan ical species of America, is now in Shaw's Botan- ical Gardens, Saint Louis. ENGELMANN, eng'el man, JOHANNES I L832 — ). A Russian jurist. He was born at Mil. in Courland, was educated at the I Diversity of Saint Petersburg, and was professor of Russian law at Dorpat from 1860 to 1899. After 1887 his lectures, which bad previously been given in German, wen- delivered in the Russian language These lectures, delivered during a period of near- ly forty years, covered a wide field and contrilml ed greatly to the advancement of the science ol jurisprudence in Russia. His works include Dii Verj&hrung nach russischem Privatreeht (1867; in Russian. 1868) ; Die Zioangsvollstreckung ausvoartiger richterlicher I rleile in Russland (1884; also translated into French and Russian). ENGELS, cngVls, Frikdricu (1820-95). A German socialist, born in Barmen, Prussia, lie was an apprentice at Bremen and Berlin, and subsequently became connected with manufactur- ing interests in .Manchester, England. In 1814 he- was a collaborator on the Deutsch-franzosische Jahrbiicher, issued at Paris by Karl Marx (q.v.) and Arnold Huge (q.v.). From 1846 he was as soeiated with Marx in the Communistic League, a precursor of the' International, and in 1848 was joint author of the manifesto to the laboring classes of the world. Afterwards (1848-49) lie was an editor of Marx's Neue Rheinische Zeitung at Cologne, participated in the revolutionary movement led by Struvc and Hecker in Baden in 1848-49. and from 1S50 until his retirement in 1869 was a manufacturer of cotton goods at Man Chester. He was a prominent assistant of Marx in the extension of Social Democracy, and was secretary for Portugal. Spain, and Italy in the general council of the International. He wrote Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasscn in England (1845; new ed. 1892). He also edited the third (1885) and fourth (1894) volumes of Marx's Das Kapital (Hamburg). Consult: Dawson, Ger man Socialism (1888), and the biography of Engels by Sombart (Berlin, 1895). ENGERTH, eng'ert, Eduabd von (1818- 97). An Austrian historical portrait painter- He was born at Pless. Prussian Silesia, and studied under Kunelwieser at the Vienna Academy, where, in 1845, he obtained the grand prize and the imperial stipend attached to it. Tn 1854 he was appointed director of the Prague Academy; in 1865, professor at the Vienna Acad emy; in 1871. director of the Belvedere Gallery and in 1874 rector of the Academy. His most celebrated picture is entitled "Seizure of King* Manfred's Family After the Battle of Benevento" (Art Museum. Vienna). The painting entitled "The Victory of Prince Eugene at Zenta" i- also highly esteemed. ENGERTH, Wilhelm. Baron (1814-84). Austrian engineer, brother of the preceding. He