Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/91

* ENFANTIN. 75 ENGEL. public decency. Released after a few months, he was appointed engineer to Mehemet Ali, Viceroy of Egypt, and after his return to France he be- came a postmaster near Lyons. He was a mem- ber of the scientific commission intrusted by the Government with the preparation of a report on Algeria in relation to French colonization. On this subject he wrote Colonisation d'Alg4rie (1843); In 1845 he obtained a position in the Paris and Lyons Railway. The volumes Traite d'4conomie politique (1830) and lleligion Saint- Hiiiiuniciine (1831) constitute his chief published work: his influence depended largely upon his ability as an orator and propagandist. His writ- ings, including his correspondence, appeared with those of Saint-Simon in the Paris edition of 1805-78 (47 vols.). ENFANTS DE DIED", au'faN' de dye (Fr., children of God) . A name given to the Camisards (q.v.). ENFANTS PERDUS, par'du' (Fr., lost children). English equivalent, 'a forlorn hope.' The term is a military expression, meaning the officers and men who were appointed or who vol- unteered to lead the way in some especially dan- gerous assault. ENFEOFFMENT, en-fef'ment. See Feoff- ment. EN'FIELD. A market-town in Middlesex, England, 10 miles northeast of London, noted for its Royal Small Arms Factory, where the •celebrated 'Enfield rifle' of the British Army was manufactured. The town contains the re- mains of a royal palace in which Edward VI. kept his court, now used as a school. Isaac D'lsraeli was born at Enfield; Keats and Captain Marryat were educated there, and Charles Lamb was a resident from 1827 to 1833. Population, in 1901, 42,700. ENFIELD. A town in Hartford County, Conn., 18 miles north of Hartford, on the Con- necticut River, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Connecticut. E 2). It has carpet-factories, bicycle-factories, steam brick-works, powder-mills, and establishments for the manufacture of undertakers' supplies, filter-presses, and shoddy. Enfield is the centre of extensive tobacco-growing interests, and there are several houses engaged in tobacco sorting, packing, etc. Within the limits of the town is Shaker Station, a community of Shakers. The government is administered by town meetings. Population, in 1890, 7199; in 1900, 6699. ENFIELD RIFLE. An army rifle, which de- rives its name from the place of its manufacture in England. It was made from 1853 to 1804. and is now obsolete. During the Civil War in the United States ( 1801-05) ' many Enfield- rifles were used by the United States Army, because not enough Springfield rifles could be obtained. It was also in very general use among the Con- federate forces. ENFILADE (Fr.. string, from enfiler, to thread, from ML. mfilare, to string, from in, in 4- filum, thread). Five directed at an enemy from the flanks, penetrating his entire length of line. It is the most effective fire possible, owing to the larger target presented. Positions ca- pable of being enfiladed are untenable, no matter what other advantages they may possess. The English troops in South Africa, in the Boer War Vol. VII— 6. of 1899-1901, were frequently enfiladed, the top. raphy of the theatre of operations greatly aid] the Boers. ENGADINE, en'-ga-den'. A lam., us valley in Switzerland, in the Canton of Grisons (q.v.), lecond only to the Valais in length (.Map: Swit- zerland, 1) 2). It extends northeast for over 50 miles along the banks of the Inn, from the foot of .Mount. Maloja, or Ma loggia, to the village of Marl insbruek. it is divided into two portions — thai toward the southwest, called the Upper En- gadinc, which has an average elevation of about 5000 feet, and that toward the northeast, the Lower Engadine. There are numerous glaciers. The climate, while cold, is singularly invigorat- ing, the Upper Engadine being famous as a health resort, the most frequented place being Saint Moritz. The vegetation of the Upper En- gadine is abundant and the scenery is of remark- able picturesqueness. The Lower Engadine is to a great extent bleak and unattractive. The inhabitants, numbering 12,435, are a sturdy peo- ple of Romanic origin, mostly belonging to the Protestant Church and speaking a Rhseto-Ro- manic dialect known as Ladin. ENGAGEMENT, Military ( from engage, Fr. engager, from ML. invadiare, to pledge, from in, in, -f- vadium, pledge, from I. at. vas, surety). Active contact with an enemy. The term is generally applied to minor battles, or encoun- ters in which only parts of the contending armies are engaged, or contacts other than a pitched battle. Under modern conditions a battle is, more than ever before, the decisive factor of a campaign, the manoeuvring for positions of ad- vantage resulting in engagements of more or less frequency and variety. See Battle ; Strate- gy; Tactics, Military. EN-GEDI, en-ge'di (Heb. 'en-gedi, fountain of the kid. Ar. 'Aim-Jidi ). The name of a wil- derness, forming the eastern part of the Wilder- ness of Judah. and of a spring of warm water on the west shore of the Dead Sea. In the days of Abraham En-gedi was the site of a city named Hazazon-tamar. 'Hazazon of the palm-tree' (Gen. xiv. 7; II. Chron. xx. 2). It was at this time in- habited by the Amorites, whom the Assyrians and their allies attacked and destroyed. Under Joshua the place was assigned to the tribe of Judah (Joshua, xv. 02). David fled to the wilderness of En-gedi from Saul, and was pursued thither by the King (I. Sam. xxiii. 29-xxiv. 22). In the reign of Jehoshaphat the Ammonites. Moabites, and Edomites gathered here preparatory to invading Judah (II. Chron. xx. 2). The vineyards of En-gedi are referred to in the Song of Songs (i. 141. Pliny {Nat. Hist., v. 17) mentions the place as a ruin in his day, and now the district, which is one of the most desolate in Palestine, is tenanted only by a few Arabs. ENGEL, eng'el, Carl (1818-82). A German English writer on music. He was born near Han- over, studied the pianoforte under Hummel, and in 1850 settled in London, where he attained suc- cess as a teacher of music and writer on musical subjects, lie owned a large collection of rare mu- sical instruments, many of which were given after his death to the South Kensington Museum, with which he had been connected for many years. His books treat of the music of different nations at