Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/863

* FLUORINE. 767 FLUTEMOUTH. employed fur preserving food without communi- cating anj taste to it. FLUORITE (from fluor), or Fluor-Spab, A calcium fluoride thai crj tallizi in the iso- metric system. It is found both massive and crystallized, and may be white, yellow, green, red, blue, or brown in color, sometimi bluish lluoreseence. ;i i i ■ ■ t i.-n of fluorite ha dill'crenl colors h:ivc 1 11 called fal < ameth emerald, ruin/, topa, etc. When heated, certain varieties become phosphorescent. Fluorite oc- curs in Cumberland and Derbyshire, England (where fine-colored specimens called Derby spar are found), in Norway, Saxony, and Switzerland. In the United State en lallizcd varieties have been found in Saint Lawn County. X. Y.; Hardin County, [11.; near Saint Louis, Mo., Pike's Peak, Colo., ami in the Lake Superior region. Fine transparent specimens have been carved into vases and other similar ornaments, and in such forms fluorite was highly prized by the ancients. Commercial fluoriti obtained in Caldwell, Crittenden, and Livingston counties, Ky. ; from near Rosiclare, 111.; and in Yuma County. Ariz. It is vised as a source of hydrofluoric acid, which is employed for etching on glass, in the manufacture of opalescent glass, and as a flux in iromsmelting. In 1900 the pro- duction in the United States amounted to 13,450 short tons, having a total value at the mines of $94,500. A dark blue. Bavarian variety of flu- orite, called antizonite, gives off a strong odor licit produces headache and vomiting, said to be due to the liberation of pure fluorine. FLU'OROSCOPE (from Lat. fluor, flux 4- <tkott(Tv, skopein, to look ) . A screen, coated with some fluorescent material such as calcium tung- state or barium platino-cyanide placed at one end of an opaque box. into which the observer looks to see the shadows cast by the Roentgen rays. FLUOR-SPAR. See Fluorite. FLURSCHEIM, flur'shim. Michael (1844 — ). A German agitator of land-reform, born in Frankfort-on-tho Main. He lived in the United States from 1867 to 1872. Upon his return to Germany he founded the iron-works at Gaggenau, Baden, and in 1892 made bis home at Castagnola, near Lugano, Switzerland. He aims to show that the revenues accruing tothe individual owner from taxes and ground rent are the primary cause of the accumulation of vast fortunes by the few, and of the indigence and suffering of the masses; and that the control of land by the Slate would remove this evil and would at the same time counteract the evils of socialism. The following maintain the advantages of individualism and are a few of his principal works : Auf friedlicl Wcrre (1884; frequently reprinted) ; Deutschland in hundert Jdhren (2d ed. 1890); Her ei Rettungsweg (rev. ed. 1S90) ; and Rent, Interest, and Wages (1891). In the last-mentioned work the author acknowledges his great indebtedness to Henry George, whose ideas, however, he sub- jects to some modification. FLUSHING ("Dutch Vlissingen) . A seaport of the Netherlands, situated on the south coast of the island of Walcheren, at the mouth of the Western Scheldt (Man: Netherlands, B 3). It was formerly an important fortress and naval station of the Netherlands, but since 1873 ha been transformed into a trading centre. The har- bor admit- largi i icipal ly w it h England and India i be i he manufacl lire oi machinery and tobacco. The to ipal art icte- imported arc pel roleuin. Iiunlici 1 irOB I i- the eal .1 United States consular agent. A rail i through Zealand 1 the main Continental lines has its termina t ion closi to 1 he 1 1 1 ad a dailj 1 icd on bet ween Flush is rid. Flushing i- stronglj fori ifled and commands 1 he ol the Scheldt. Population, in 1889, 13 165 in 1900 18,893. Flushing i- the birthplace oi de Kuyler. 1 1 v 1 tormed and 1 ak< n by the English in the Walcheren expedition under l.ord Chatham in 1809. FLUSHING. Formerly a village, now in eluded in the Borough of Queens, New 5forl ' itj (Map: Greater New York, II 5). The township was settled in 1643 and the village about two hi both being called at first lissingen, of which the present name i- .1 corruption. Vbout 1660 the population became predominantly Quaki 1 FLUTE (OF. fit iitt . flauti, It. flauto, from OF. flaiiter, to play the flute, from 1 1 blast, from flare, to blow ; connected with OHG. 6 i ■• 1. blahen, AS. blSwan, Eng. blow). One of the oldest wind instruments, well known to 1 he ancient and Hebrews. II has ;, -,,ft and pi quality of tone, is an important instrument in ore! itral music, and. in consequence of it- easy treatment, is much in favor with amateurs. The flute is commonly made of boxwood or ebony, but sometimes of ivory or silver, [ts form i- that of a taper tube, made in four pieces, with six holes for the Angers, and with from 1 to 11 keys, which cover "i" open other holes. The sound i- produced by Mowing into the embouchure, an oval kind of hole at one side of 1 he 1 hicl end, bo th air in its passage from the mouth i- broken against the opposite edge of the hole, which causes the column of air inside the tube to i brate. The cole- of I : the opening 1 ing of the hole. l,< 1 hi of both hands. I ' Bute is from 1, to c In the modern orchestra there are always two. and often three flutes. When three are required, the thud flute i- generally the small flute or piccolo (q.v.). Tts tones are very shrill and can be emploj e ely only in Before Bohm had perfected the modern flute the flute A bee was used extensively. This instru Hunt had a mouthpiece li larinet, and was played in a vertical position. 1 See i'i ,,io LET.) If in -core- written before the middle of the ' r hi 1 Hi ii century the name flauto occurs, it is always 1 he Mute :, h. c thai is meant. FLUTE. The In Hows mender in Shake-; Midsummer Night's Dream, who plays thi be in the humorous piny supposed to be given before Theseus and Hippolita. FLUTE-BIRD I so called from its clear note). An Australian shrike ( Qymnorhma tibicei PiPiNi; Otou FLUTEMOUTH. See Sntpefish.