Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/826

* FLORENCE. 740 FLORES. tonseed-oil mills, machine-shops, railroad repair- shops, lumber-mills, etc. An appropriation has been secured for a fine United States Government building here. The water-works, recently con- structed at a cost of $50,000 arc owned by the ■city. Population, in 1890, 3395; in 1900, 4647. FLORENCE, Council of. See Ferrara- Florence, Council of. FLORENCE, William Jermyn (1831-1891). A popular American comedian, born at Albany, N. V.. his original name being Bernard Conlin. After some experience as an amateur and in minor parts at various theatres, his real work as an actor began at Brougham's Lyceum. New York, 1850, where in 1851 he made a hit in the part of a fireman. In 1853 he married Mrs. Mai- rina Pray Littell, with whom he won great ap- plause in The Irish Boy and Yankee Girl, re- peated in London three years later. Among his most successful characters were also Bardwell Slote in The Mighty Dollar: Bob Brierley in The Ticket-of-Leavi Man; and Sir Lucius O'Trigger in The Rivals. This last he played to the ]!■>!> Acres of Joseph Jefferson, with whom he ap- peared in a number of pieces from 1889 till his death, which occurred in Philadelphia. Mrs. Florence was a dancer before her mar- Tiage, being one of the well-known Pray sisters. As an actress with her husband, one of her great- est successes was in The Yankee Housekeeper. She was Emily Saint Evremonde to his Bob Brierley. and Polly Eceles in his production of Caste. Consult: McKay and Wingate, Famous American Actors of To-day (New York, 1896) ; Maithews and Hutton, Actors and Actresses of ilrcat Britain and the United States lib.. 1886). FLORENCE OF WORCESTER, wus'ter ( ?-1118). An English chronicler and monk, who lived at Worcester. In his famous work. GJironi- con ex Chronicis, he has drawn his material largely from the work of Marianus, an Irish monk, who had written a general chronicle, con- taining interest ins facts on the history of Brit- ain and Ireland. This work of Florence is a most valuable authority on early English history. Practically nothing is known of his life. FLORENT, flo'raN', Francois. A French ju- rist of the seventeenth century. He was born at Arnay-le-Duc. and was professor of canonical law at Orleans and Paris. His works have been published by Doujaf (1679; reprinted 1763). FLORENTINE SCHOOL OF PAINTING. The most important Italian school during the fourteenth ami fifteenth centuries. It was emi- nent in individuality and intellectual qualities, its members often being sculptors and scientists as well as painters. Their works are excellent in line ami composition, and are well modeled, showing the influence of Florentine sculpture; but are not so rich in color as the Venetian. Florentine ait is the most decorative of all Italian painting, being mostly fresco work. The Florentine school attained i i -. high position through Giotto (c. 1266-1337), and throughout the fourteenth century it remained dominant in Italy. The painting of the Renaissance orig- inated in Florence, in the works of Masolino ami Masaccio, spreading thence throughout Italy. During the fifteenth century the Forentine was the flrsl -el I ,,| Italy ami the world. Anions the almost incredible number of artists which it produced at this period, the most important, besides those mentioned, arc Fra Angelico, Fi- lippo and Filippino Lippi, Botticelli, Domenieo Ghirlandajo, and Andrea del Veroechio. Floren- tine art was characterized at this time by a vigorous naturalism, which was replaced during the sixteenth century by a growing imitation of the antique. Florence produced two of the greatest masters of the High Renaissance, Leo- nardo da Vinci ami Michelangelo, to say nothing of others like Fra Bartolommeo and Andrea del Sarto, and the influence of its masters was de- terminative in forming Raphael's art. But its chief artists migrated to other cities, forming the Lombard and Roman schools, and during the sixteenth century Florence lost its primacy. Consult the authorities on Italian painting re- ferred to under Painting, especially Crowe and (avalcaselle, History of Painting in Italy (Lon- don, 1866) ; Berenson, Florentine Painters of the Renaissance (New York, 1896) ; Cartwright, The Painters of Florence (ib., 1901). See also Renaissance Art. and the articles on each of the painters mentioned above. FLORES, flo'ras. An inland department of Uruguay (Map: Uruguay. F 10). Area, 1744 square miles. Population, in 1900, 15,874. The surface is rolling and well watered. Cattle- raising is the principal industry. Considerable wheat and corn are produced. Capital. Trinidad. FLORES, flo'ras. An island of the Malay Archipelago, lying half-way between Java and Timor, between latitudes 8° and 9° S., and longi- tudes 120° and 123° E. (Map: East Indies, F 6). It measures 200 miles in length by an aver- age breadth of 35, with an area of about 6000 square miles. Its surface is mountainous, rising in parts to over 9000 feet, and covered with forests. The soil is fertile. The chief products are sandalwood and birds' nests. Population, estimated at 250.000. The government is ad- ministered by native princes, but the island is a dependency of the Netherlands and is joined administratively with Celebes and Timor. FLORES, flo'rez. I I) The son of the King of the Beggars in The Beggar's Bush, by Fletcher and others. (2) A merchant in The Merchant of Bruges, adapted from The Beggar's Bush. FLORES, flo'ras, Juan Jose (1800-64). A Spanish-American soldier, and the first President of the Republic of Ecuador, born at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. He fought under Bolfvar in the War of Independence, and in 1828 became commander-in-chief in the campaign against Peru. When in 1830 Ecuador became independ- ent and framed a constitution, he was elected President. Succeeded by Rocafuerte in 1835, he continued, as commander in-chief of the army, to be a strong factor in political affairs. In Is.".'.' and 1843 he was reelected to the Presidency, which in 1S45 he resigned in consequence of a military revolution instigated by the Liberals. Be assisted President Moreno in I860 against the insurgents, whose leader. Franco, he overthrew at Babahoyo. While commanding the army of Ecuador in (he war against Colombia in 1863, he was defeated bv Mosquera al Cuaspuda. FLORES. Venancio (1809-68). A Spanish- American soldier, ami n President of Uruguay, born in PaysandtS. In 1853 he was leader of the so-called 'Colorados,' or advanced party, in the revolt against the Government, and was himself elected President. A counter-revolt having arisen