Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/778

* FLAGELLATA. 698 FLAG-OFFICER. name often applied to the class Mastigophora (q.v. ) of the order Protozoa (q.v.), but now restricted to an order of that group. In botany, a large group of organisms presenting characters somewhat intermediate between plants and ani- mals, but now thought to be most closely related to the algal group of the Volvocales. ( See Alg.*:. ) The Flagellata may be colorless, but they fre- quently contain green, yellow, brown, or red color bodies, which perform the functions of food manufacture (photosynthesis). The cells generally have one or two cilia, and are provided with a contractile vacuole and red pigment spot. There is no method of sexual reproduction, but resting cells (cysts) are formed. The genera Peridinium and Euglena include some of the species of this group. FLAGEI/LTJM DEI (Lat., The Scourge of God). A title given to Attila, King of the Huns. FLAGEOLET, flaj'6-let (OF., Fr. flageolet, diminutive of OF. flageol, Prov. flaujol, llute, from ML. *flautiolus, little flute, from flauta, ilute, from Lat. flatus, blast, from flare, to blow). A wind instrument of the llute family. It is made of boxwood or ivory, in several pieces, and has holes for the fingers, like the flute. Its com- pass is from g 1 to b 3 b, and the tones sound a fifth higher than written. The flageolet differs from the flute in so much that it has a mouth- piece, and is also played in a vertical, instead of horizontal position. The character of the tone is somewhat similar to that of the ordinary flute, but more mellow. The instrument is not used in the orchestra to-day. Mozart employed it, but since his time no other composer has made use of it. See Flute. FLAGEOLET-TONES. An obsolete name for harmonics (q.v.). FLAGET, flu'zha', Benedict Joseph (1763- 1850). A bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in America. He was born in Contournat, Auvergne, France, and was educated at the Col- lege of Billom, and at the College of the Sulpi- tians at Clermont, becoming a member of that Order in 1783. He was ordained a priest in 1788. and held a professorship of dogmatic theology at the university at Nantes and at the Sulpitian Seminary at Angers. In 1792 he was compelled to Mee from France, and settled in America, first at Baltimore, and later as chaplain at the military post of Vincennes, in the newly organized North- west Territory. In 1795 he returned East and accepted a professorship in Georgetown College, where he remained three years. In 1798 he went to Havana, returning in 1801 with twenty-one < uban students to be educated at Georgetown. where he resumed his professorship. In 1808 he was appointed Bishop of Bardstown (Kentucky), with an extensive diocese thai reached from (lie Uleghanies to the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes southward to the thirty fifth paral- lel, lie spent the years ISII8-10 in Knrope. ami was consecrated on his return in the latter year. He entered upon his duties in the face of great difficulties with remarkable energy, and his exertions were crowned with unusual success. He resigned his see in is-iti. hut withdrew his resig- • n the universal demand for him t< n tinue. By 18.'i4 he had erected four colleges, a lie orphan asylum, eleven academies for girls. and had introduced into his diocese three religious i I hmI four religious orders f,,i men. He spent the years 1835-39 in Europe. In 1841 the seat of his diocese was removed to Louisville, where his activities continued until his death. FLAGFISH. A coral-fish (Heniochus ma- crolepidotus) of Japanese and Philippine waters, so called from the fancied resemblance of its slender erectible dorsal fin to a flagstaff. See Colored Plate of Philippine Fishes. FLAGG, George Whiting (1816-97). An American genre-painter, born in New Haven, Conn. He studied for some time in Washington, D. C.j under Allston, and then went to Europe and stayed in Italy three years. He became a member of the National Academy of Design in 1851. His best-known pictures are "The Murder of the Princes," "'The Landing of the Pilgrims," "The Scarlet Letter." "Columbus and the Egg," and "The Match Girl." The coloring in these works is rich and harmonious. FLAGG, Jared Bradley (1820-99). An Ameri- can artist and clergyman, born in New Haven, Conn. He studied art under his brother, George Whiting Flagg, became a clergyman in the Epis- copal Church in 1854, and was for eight years rector of Grace Church, Brooklyn Heights, N. Y. Though Dr. Flagg painted ideal figure pictures, notably "Hester Prynne in Prison," portrait painting was his specialty. His excellent por- trait of William M. Evarts (1887) hangs in the State Capitol at Albany. He published Life and Letters of Washington Allston. FLAGG, Wilson (1805-84). An American naturalist, born at Beverly, Mass. After three months of residence at Harvard he studied medi- cine, which he never practised, and later became a contributor to the Weekly Magazine, the Post, and the Atlantic Monthly, all of Boston. He at first wrote on politics, but soon turned his atten- tion to natural history, and particularly to or- nithology. In 1844-48 he was connected with the custom-house of Boston. His publications in- clude Studies in the Field and Forest ( 1S57 ), and Birds and Seasons of New England ( 1875). FLAGTLER, Isaac Van Vleck (1848—). An American organist, born in Albany, N. Y. He had already become well known locally when he went to Paris to study under Batiste. After- wards he was organist at Plymouth Church, Chicago, musical lecturer at Chautauqua, and organist of the First Presbyterian Church in Auburn, N. Y. For a number of years lie taught music at Syracuse and Cornell Universities, and at the Utica Conservatory of Music. lie was co-founder of the American Guild of Organists. His Variations on an American Mr is the most popular of his organ compositions. FLAG-OFFICER. In the United States Navy, an officer entitled by his rank to carry at the masthead a Hag instead of a pennant, indicative of his command. At present the flag-officers are admirals, who carry the Hag at the main, vice- admirals, who carry it at the fore, and rear-ad- mirals, who carry it at the mizzen. In case 6 ship lias hut two masts they are called the fori' and main; the flag of a rear admiral is then hoisted at the main. (For admiral's flag, see Flags, I ntted States, Colored Plate.) Pre- vious to Hie abolition of the grade of eonimodore (q.V.) officers of this rank were included among I he flag officers. See i>m ihat..