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* FIUME. 693 FIXING. are the Naval Academy, a royal gymnasium, and two high schools. There is a United States eon Mil. Population, in 1890, 29,494; in 1900, 38, 139, for the most pari Roman Catholics. The inhabitants are chielly Italians and lllyrians. Fiume was a town of the I'.vzaiit inc Empire. In the ninth century it was ruled by its own dukes. In 1471 it, came into the possession of Austria, and in 177H was attached to the Crown of Hun gary. FIVE BOROUGHS, The. A term applied in old English history to Leicester, Lincoln, Not- tingham, Stamford, and Derby, which the Danes helil until 922, when they were reconquered to- gether by Edward and Ethelrteda. FIVE-FINGERS. See StabfISH. FIVE FORKS, Battle of. A battle fought, on April 1, 1305, in Dinwiddie County, Va., 11 miles southwest of Petersburg, between a Federal force of about 25.000 under General Sheridan and a smaller Confederate force under General Pickett. Both Grant and Lee had perceived the importance of the Forks as a position from which to assail or to protect the Southside and Danville railroads, the two lines still open to Lee; and as part of his general movement by the left flank, Grant sent Sheridan's cavalry, afterwards re inforced by the Fifth Corps under General War- ren, to capture or drive away the Confederates stationed there. Lee^ meanwhile, had sent for- ward a Confederate reinforcement, of five brigades under Pickett. On March 31 Sheridan made an unsuccessful attack, but on the following day, reinforced by Warren's infantry, completely de- feated the Confederates after a bloody fight last- ing, with little intermission, throughout the day. The exact losses on either side were never ascertained, but the Confederates seem to have lost more than 5000 in prisoners alone, while the Federals lost fewer than 1000 in killed and wounded. Lee was forced to evacuate Peters- burg on the morning of the 3d, and six days later surrendered his army at Appomattox. Consult: Johnson and Buel (editors), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (New York, 1887) ; Humphreys, The Virginia Campaign of lSG.'i and 1865 (New York, 1883) : Sheridan, Memoirs (New York, 1888) ; and Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I., vol. xlvi. FIVE HUNDRED, Council of (Fr. Conseil des Cinq Cents). The Lower House of the Legis- lature established by the French Constitution of the year III. (1795). The Constitution provided that two-thirds of the original body should be made up of members of the Convention. The Five Hundred initiated and discussed all legisla- tion, without taking action, and then submitted their report to the Upper House, or. Council of Ancients, which acted without discussion. On the 19th Brumaire, Year VII. (November 10, 1799), Napoleon dissolved the Five Hundred. See Directory ; France ; Napoleon I. FIVE ISLANDS. A town of Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada, on Minas Basin, 60 miles northwest of Halifax. It has shipbuild- ing and mineral industries. Amid its picturesque scenery is a cataract falling from a height of 90 feet. Estimated population, 1500. FIVE MEMBERS, The. After the presenta- tion of the Grand Remonstrance (q.v. ), Charles I. resolved to take vengeance on the leaders oi the Parliamentary opposition. The bold course subsequently taken by them, notably the inv pi aehim ni of the bishops and the suppo i d inten Lion to impeach the Queen, axed him in thi- un lucky resolve. On January '■'•, 1642, be bis Attorney-General, Sir Edward Herbert, be- fore the Lords to impeach Lord Kimbolton, and five members of the < lommon Ha tnpden, i Holies, Strode, and Sir Arthur Haselrig. This procedure was unprecedented. The Lords ap pointed a committee to inquire whether it according to law, and the Commons appealed to the city of London to have the trained bands in readiness. The -urgeanl a1 i - failed to secure the arrest of the accused members, and the im- patient King himself undertook to take them by force. On January 4th, Charles, urged on by bis Queen, appeared with an armed retinue in the House of C ions, and desired the Speaker to point out the culprits; but the impeai bed mem- bers had taken refuge in the city, whit her they were soon followed by other members, who sal as a committee in the Guildhall. For the article-- of impeachment presented to the Lords, consuli ; Gardiner, Constitutional Documents (2d ed., Ox- ford, 1899) ; and for discussion, id., History of England (New York, 1893-95), and Forster, Ar- rest of the Five Members (London, 1800). FIVE-MILE ACT. An acl passed by the Eng- lish Parliament in 1605. It forbade noncon- formist ministers who refused to take the non- resistance oath to come within five miles of any corporation where they had preached since the Act of Oblivion (unless they were traveling), under a penalty of £40. The act was not repealed till 1689. FIVE NATIONS. See Iroquois. FIVE POINTS. A locality of New York City, northeast of the city hall, formed by the inter- section of Baxter, Worth, and Park streets, for- merly notorious as the haunt of low characters and criminals. Improvements have completely altered the general aspect of the old Five Points : yet the streets of the vicinity still have features of considerable interest in the distinct settle- ments of Jews, Italians, and Chinese. FIVE POINTS OF DOCTRINE. The topics in dispute between Calvinists and Arminians — viz. predestination, extent of the atonement, free will, grace, and final perseverance. Among the ineffectual attempts to settle the dispute were the quinquarticular controversy at Cambridge in 1594 and two conferences in 1620, in England, and the Synod of Dort in Holland, 1018-19. See Armlnianism ; Dort, Synod of. FIVES. See Handball. FIXED AMMUNITION. See Ammunition. FIXED OILS. Oils which do not volatilize without decomposition. See Oils. FIXING. The process in photography by means of which those portions of the sensitive silver salts that remain unaffected by light in the deepest shadow of the picture after the le tive has been exposed are removed. The picture which remains is then permanently 'fixed' on the negative, and consists of metallic silver or silver oxide, to which the sensitive salt has been reduced by the action of the sun's light. Fixim.' is generally accomplished by sodium hyposul- phate or potassium cyanide. The action of these