Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/73

* ENAMELED CLOTH. 57 covering upholstery, and the like, and also for carriage-tops. The process was invented in Newark. >.. J., in 1849. Jt consists in covering cotton cloth with repeated coalings of a composi- tion consisting of linseed-oil, lampblack, resin, and other ingredients. The cloth is passed be- tween heavy iron rollers, from one of which it receives the coating of composition; sometimes this is spread by passing the cloth under a knife. Between the successive coatings (five or six in number) the cloth is dried and rubbed down with pumice-stone, and after the last coat it is varnished. Last of all. the cloth is often passed through rollers, one of which has a surface so ridded thai it stamps the material with leather- like indentations. Enamel eloth is somewhat similar to oilcloth in its method of manufacture, but it is much lighter, more flexible, and put to very different uses. ENAMEL OF TEETH. See Teeth. ENARE, a nii'ra. A lake in the Finnish Gov- ernment of Uleaborg, not far from the Norwegian frontier (Map: Russia, C 1). It covers an area of marly 550 square miles, and receives a num- ber of tributaries, including the Ivalo. Its outlet, the Pasvik, forms partly the boundary line be- tween Russia and Norway. There are a num- ber of small islands in the lake. ENAREA. a-na're-a. A hilly region of Abys- sinia, situated between latitudes 7° and 9° N. (Map: Africa, II 4). It has a population of about 40,000, belonging to one of the Gallas tribes. Capital. Saka. EN'ARTHRO'SIS ( Neo-Lat., from Gk. cvdp- dpuaic, ball-and-socket joint, from kv, en, in + apSpov, arthron, joint). The term used by anat- omists to express the kind of joint (q.v. ) which admits of the most extensive range of motion. It occurs in the hip and shoulder joints. ENATJLT, a'no', Louis (1822-1900). A French author, born at Isigny (Calvados). His publications include a large number of novels and books of travel, dealing principally with the countries visited by him on his extensive tours through Europe and the Orient. Among them are: Hermine (1800); Pele-mete (1862): Stella (1863); Oh/" (1864); Le bnptime du sang (1873); Wadeje (1895): Myrto (1898). The French translation of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853) is from his pen. ENCSi/NIA (Lat., from Gk. iyaahia, enkainia, from ep, en, in + Kcuvdc, kainos, new). Dedica- tion festivals held in early Christian times to consecrate a new church or a heathen temple to Christian use. and later repeated on the anni- versaries of such occasions. At first they were simple, but by the beginning of the seventh century they had come to have the character of a fair with booths, dramatic representations, sing- ing, and dancing. They were disapproved by the Council of Chalons (650), but still continued. The name is also applied to the festivals held by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in honor of their founders and benefactors. See Commemoration. ENCAMPMENT. During active operation in the field, troops are. wherever practicable, lodged in tents. The principal tents in use in the United Stales are the shelter, just large enough for two men to sleep under and trans- ported by the soldiers on their person; the com ENCAMPMENT. nion tent with wall, affording a Boor-space of about 8 x 7 feel ami suitable for sleeping men; the wall tent, with a lloor-pate Of about 9X11 feet; lln- conical wall, with a diameter TJ. 8. A. COMMON TENT. of about 16 feet; and the hospital tent, with a floor-space of 14 X 14% feet. In putting tents up in rows, a space between the tents at least equal to half the width of the tent should, wherever possible, be left for the guy-ropes and passages. Unless the soil is unusually porous, small trenches should be dug around each tent to provide for carrying off rain-water, which might otherwise make the tent uninhabit- able. The floors of the tents should, if prac- ticable, be raised above the ground. The laying out of sheltc."-tent camps can be effected as a matter of drill, and without any special staking out of the camp. A tj'pe of arrangement for a camp for each of the arms is shown in the various Drill Regu- lations. That shown in the accompanying cut is well adapted for the infantry arm: DD DO OO DO OO OO DO OO DO □□ DO DO COMA OFFICERS KITCKCKS EDO ODD can MAJORS fl BATT STAFF KITCHENS DD DD OFIELO S.RCG.STAFF N.C.STAFF KITCHFH OFFICERS' SINKS V. 8. REGULATION INFANTRY CAMP. A simple way of laying it out quickly is with the eye to stake out the line of the front of the company officers' tents, beginning at one end of the line, laying off lines at right angles to this for the front of the living-tents of the men. The position of the front tent-poles for the latter tents can then quickly be indicated by pacing, or by stretching a string having knots on it at the proper distances. The company streets should not, if possible, be less than 20 feet wide in the clear. They are rarely made over 40 feet. If the camp is to last more than a few days, and ground is available, space is left for mess-tents between the line of company kitchens and the men's living-tents. The hospital, not shown on the cut, should be located, if possible, on a par- ticularly healthy site as far removed as is con- venient from the living tents. The guard-tent is placed on the line of sentinels near the point most convenient for general access to the camp from the neighboring road. Arranged in this way the camp for a regiment of infantry can be crowded into 10 acres; if ground is available,