Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/726

* FIRTH. 6.36 FISCHART. £20,000 and furnished with an annual endow- ment of £5000 (opened by Prince Leopold, Octo- ber 20, 1875). FIRTH OF FORTH. See Forth. FIRUZ I., fe'rooz. One of the Arsacide kings of Persia, who reigned 83-103. He is also called Arsaces XXIV., King of Parthia, and is identi- fied with Pacorus II. of the classical writers. FIRTJZ II. ( 459-484 ) . A king of Persia, of the Sassanide dynasty. He overthrew and put to death his younger brother, Ormazd III., and so came to the throne. The reign of Firuz was un- happy. The Hephalitae, or White Huns (so called to distinguish them from the true Huns), threat- ened the kingdom. The Persians undertook two expeditions against them, but were unsuccessful in both, and in the second one Firuz and 29 of his sons were slain. FIRUZ III. (?-679). The last of the Sas- sanides of Persia. He was expelled from Persia by the new Mohammedan power on the defeat of his father, Yezdegird III., in 641, and took refuge with the Emperor of China, Kao-Tsung, who vainly endeavored to restore him to the Per- sian throne. FIRTJZABAD, fe-roo'za-bad. A Sassanian pal- ace, 05 miles from Shiraz, built by Firuz II. The length was about 342 feet and the breadth 178. The plan of the building was rectangular, the en- trance being on the north side, where there was a great porch. Within there were reception- rooms; behind these. Hirer rooms arranged hori- zontals, each having a vaulted dome, and in the Horse" in the Arabian Nights, who recovers his bride from the Sultan of Cashmere by the aid of the enchanted horse. FIRUZ SHAH I., Rukn ud-Din. A Moham- medan king of Delhi. He succeeded his father, Shams ud-Din Altamsh, in A.D. 1230, after hav- ing been governor of Lahore. He was deposed in the first year of his reign by his sister, the Sultana Raziyyat. FIRUZ SHAH II., Jalal ud-Din (?-1296). The founder of the Khalji dynasty of the Mo- hammedan sultans of Delhi. Succeeded to the throne in 1290, his brief reign was stormy. He sacked Ujjain in 1291, and having already made an invasion of Malwa, he again plundered il in 1293. In 1290 he was assassinated by his nephew Ala ud-Din, who two months later succeeded to the throne. FIRUZ SHAH III. (1296-1388). King of Delhi. He succeeded Mohammed II. ibn Tughlaq III., in 1351. His reign was tranquil, and his country prosperous. In 1386 he abdicated, and two years later he died. FISC (Fr. fisc, from Lat. fiscus, treasure- chest). The public treasury. The Latin term was originally applied to the private purse of the Emperor, to distinguish it from the public treas- ury, or verarium. Later it came to designate the Imperial treasury, in contradistinction to the private property of the ruler, in which sense it is employed in modern countries whose juris- prudence is derived from the civil law. The fisc is considered in law as an ideal or juristic per- PALACE OF FIRTJZABAD. rear was an open court with rooms on its four sides. The walls, which were enormously thick, were constructed of rough stone, the vaulting was of brick, and plaster was vsed to finish off the surfaces. The general style of architecture shows traces of Mesopotamian, Byzantine and Roman influences, the particular features being copies of decorations in Persian palaces, the use of blind arches, and a zigzag molding of projecting bricks. FIRUZABADI, fe'roo-za-ba'de, Med.ied en- Din (1329-1417). A Mohammedan lexicographer, born al Karazin, near Shiraz. Several educa- tional institutions at Medina and Mecca wen' founded bj him. Three' years alter his meeting with Timur at Shiraz (1382) lie was appointed chief cadi of Yemen, which position he retained until his death. He achieved celebrity through liis greal lexicographical work Kamua ("The Ocean"; besl edition by Nasi- al Hurini, J vol-.. I 101 02 of the Hejira). The work has also 1 n translated into Turkish (3 vols., a.ii. 1230-40) ami Persian (Calcutta, a.d, 1840). FIRUZ SHAH, fe'roTiz sha. The son of the f Persia in the story of '-The Enchanted son. It has a legal right to all the State reve- nues, including those derivable from forfeitures. In suits against it by a subject, all questions of doubt are to be resolved in favor of the subject Consult: Bracton, De Legibus et Consuetudini bus Angliw (Twiss ed., London, 1878-83); Spelman. Glossarium Archaiologicum (London 1867) ; Molina .v. United Slates (6 Court .s:{i at Forbach, where he died. Soma fifty of the satires attributed to him are authentic. They an' directed against the Pope, the .le-uil - vieious priests, the aristocracy, pedants, astrolo- gers, and folly of every kind. His most fa- mous works are the Rabelaisian Alter I'rel.lik Grossmutler (1572); h'utensjneyel ReimensweitS