Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/651

* FIELDING. remarks and criticisms imbedded in them have much of the wisdom and the wit thai one looks fur and finds in Montaigne. II is the lack of opportunity in dramatic compositions for such personal running commentary and maxims that partially explains the comparative failure of Fielding as a playwright. Fielding married in 1737. It did not take him long to use up Ins wife's fortune in extravagant living as a country squire, and bo in 17 10 the law was taken up as a means of livelihood. No cess followed his legal studies, and tin. author went back to his pen and paper. Jonathan Wild, an ironical work, whose interest was chiefly for its own day. appeared in 174.3. The same year sa» the establishmeni of the True Patriot, a semi-political journal edited by Fielding, suc- ceeded by the Jacobite Journal in 17l">. The services of his journal to the Hanoverian cause resulted in the author's appointment to the posi- tion of justice of the peace in Middlesex, a reward due to the good offices of Lord l.yttlcton, a lifelong friend. Until his death at Lisbon, in 1754, Fielding administered the duties of his position honestly and zealously, as all may learn who will take up his Journal of ti Voyage to Lisbon. Nor is this hard to understand, for he bad himself tasted the many flavors of the eup of life; and such men are the best judges, unless they have grown bitter with the bitterness that is never wholly absent from the draught. Though Fielding died comparatively early, his career was eventful and his achievements last- ing. Playwright, country squire, editor, novel- ist, man about town, stage manager, political pamphleteer, magistrate — all these parts he played, showing in them all the qualities which make it easy to understand the censure that has attended his life, but showing also those char- acteristics which justify the affection that all must feel for him whom Thackeray called 'the manly, the English, Harry Fielding.' Editions of Fielding's Works have been published by Scott and Roscoe (Edinburgh, 1840) ; by Browne (Lon- don, 1871); and by Gosse (New York, 1898). Consult :. Lawrence, Life and Times of Fielding (London, 1855) ; Dobson. Life, in "English Men of Letters" series (ib., 1895) ; Lindner, Henry Fielding's dramatisehe Werke (Dresden, 1895). The Temple edition of Fielding's Works, edited by Saintsbury, appeared in 1902 (London and New York.) FIELDING, Sarah (1710-68). An English novelist, sister of Henry Fielding (q.v. ). She wrote the Adventures of David Simple (1744), which in order of time is the third English novel of manners, and to which her brother contributed a preface. She wrote also The Governess (1749), Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia (1757), and, with Miss Jane Collier, The Cry: a Dramatic Faole (1754). FIELD KITCHEN. A military term denot- ing the place in camp where soldiers' rations are prepared. To what extent the kitchen will be furnished will depend on the permanency of the camp and the character of the undertaking or campaign. In the field the mess furniture of a United States soldier is limited to one tin cup, knife, fork, and spoon, and such device for indi- vidual cooking as may be furnished by the Ord- nance Department. The kitchen may be furnished as described under Field Cooking, or the camp 93 FIELD OF THE FORTY FOOTSTEPS. may be sufficient I ;. pei ma nent in eha ractei mil of i lie emploj ment of field See Field C FIELD-LARK. (1) In States, the meadow-lark (q.v.). (2 in Great Bi itain, the skylark or the pipit (See Trri < FIELD-MARSHAL. A military till, highest rank in the armies of England, Germany, An-.t ria, Russia, and Sv i den. I he i ank i nominal l liroughoul i on1 inenl al Euri pe I ha a in i ■ iv. a Britain, it being oi ca iona llj bi to one ii. ii ton on i he rulei of anol her. In thi 1818 the Duke of Wellington was field marshal in the armies of Austria, Prussia, ami l;u ia. 'I la- rank was abolished in thi I rench Army in 1848. lieutenant field marshal in Au-i ria rani gi neral of di ision. The in ig nia oi i a nl. for a field marshal is the baton. In England the paj of the field-marsha I comma ader in-chief i pet annum. See Rank ami Command. FIELD-MOUSE. See Mm si,;. FIELD OF BLOOD. (It. Campo di 8a A name given to the battlefield of Canute (q.v.). FIELD OFFICER. A military title applied to all officers above the rank of captain oi pany officer, and under the rank of genera] offi cer. Commissioned officers ma; be divided into four general classes: General, stall', field, and regimental. The term field officer include all officers qualified by rank to command a bat- talion or regiment. See Aioiv Organization j Rank and Command. FIELD OF FORCE. See Force; Magnetism ; Dynamo-Electric Machinery ; Electricity. FIELD OF LIES, or LtiGENFELD. The plain of Rothfeld, near Colmar in Alsace, where in June, 833, Louis the Pious (q.v.) was shamefully betrayed to his sons. FIELD OF MARCH. See Champ DE Mars. FIELD OF MAY. See Champ de Mars. FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD. The name given in English and French history to the place of meeting and interchange of civilities be- tween Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France, from June 7 to June 24. 1520. The meeting occurred on a plain between Guisnes and Aide, in the present Department of Pas- de-Calais. The name originated in the geous trappings and apparel of the partici- pants and the splendor of the pageantry in the jousts and banquets which took place. Politically the meeting of the two king without result. Francis I. indeed sought the aid and friendship of the English King a Charles V. of Germany, and had proposed to raise the English favorite. Wolsey, to the Pap < -. if this result were accomplished. The meeting on the Field of the Cloth of Gold was followed by interviews between Charles V. and Henry VIII. at Gravelines and Calais, which more than offset the previous meeting of Henry with Francis. Shakespeare in Henry 1 ///.. Act i.. Scene 1. has put into the mouth of the Duke of Norfolk a graphic account of the encounter on the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Consult: Brewer. The Reign of Henry 177/. (London, 1884) ; Ewald, £ Restudied (London, 1885); Martin, llistoire de France, vol. vii. (Pari-. 1856); Pardoe. The Court and Reign o/ Francis I. (London, lss; FIELD OF THE FORTY FOOTSTEPS. name given to the fields formerly stretching be-