Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/647

* FIELD ARTILLERY. 589 FIELD COOKING. six-gun batteries oJ new guns called the Engel hardt system. The old field guns in Russia were mi the Kxupp system, made a1 the Obukkov works. The approximate extreme range was 1400 yards. All batteries have six l; n 1 1 -. I each heavy Seld batterj carries Is projectiles in the limber and 90 in the wagons. Each lighl field battery has 30 projectiles in the limber and 120 in the wagons. The horse-artillery gun i- similar in thai of the light field artillery, bu1 Id inches shorter. Each battery carries 90 rounds per gun. SPAIN has adopted into her field artillery sys- tem the Vickers-Maxim 15-pounders, and Bhe has for curved lire a bronze-steel mortar, 9 cm. (3.5 inches), and a bronze-steel howitzer, L2 em. (4.7 inches), of the Mala system. The total luun- lier of field guns is 810, or about 4.28 for each 1000 men in the army. Switzerland for several years has been pre- paring a new system of field artillery. The gun recently adopted, already described, is one of the incist powerful and modern weapons in the world. In 1001 there were added to the army one machine-gun company to each cavalry brigade. Each machine-gun company is provided with eight Maxim guns, having a range of 2000 meters, the ammunition ribbon carrying 250 rounds. The weight of the gun, which is carried by one horse, is 109 kg. (about 239 pounds). In 1900 there were 5G field batteries organized into eight regiments of division artillery, four bat- teries to the regiment, and four regiments of corps artillery, six batteries to the regiment. The enormous European ordnance-manufactur- ing companies devoting themselves to the manu- facture of guns number among their customers at one time or another all the nations of the earth, both great and small. However, the prin- cipal buyers of 'ready-made' guns are the smaller nations, who have no factories of their own; for this reason there are included in the accompany- ing table of field guns the standard guns turned out in 1 000 by the various manufacturers. an- of two general descriptions, each type h ing t lie many a rii tii nee arj to r fully the manj contii i i k T mft : | ei no FlG. 1. I'llll.li COOKING mum ii. i 'nited States m. vice. Troops having good facility of transport carry with them apparatus more or less elab orate, with which — particularly in the case of the United states Army — meals can be prepared ^=^^ FIRE TRENCH FOR FIELD COOKING, United States Army. little, if any, inferior to those prepared in per- manent posts, ruder circumstances less favor- able recourse is had to various forms of trench ovens and cooking. In most armies this forms a Table of Field Artillery Guns Austrian Belgian English French German [tali an Russian Spanish Swiss United States Nordenfelt Cail Canel Hotchkiss Ehrhardt Creusot Krupp Armstrong Vfckers-Ma sim Bchneider-Canet „- 5 ? -~ - n r. So - <a a .- - - i - o- — - 3.42 81.1 9G6 4569 2.96 94.6 760 4084 3.00 92.5 Villi 8653 2.95 88 . 5 734 3.03 106. 3740 3.42 80.7 910 4528 3.42 82.6 898 4569 3 i".. 79.6 710
 * f : : l . <

2.95 88.5 770 3722 3.20 90.7 800 37G5 2.95 79. 600 8176 2.95 87. 650 2750 2.95 '.it. 65(1 3050 2 95 84. 700 8100 2 95 871 3650 ■j.'.';, 98. 650 8400 2.95 84. 77.". 3475 3.00 '.14. 800 3624 88 2 3818 i.'.'o 804 Projectiles — Pounds Ounces 15 14 14 14 16 15 i'i 14 13 14 15 11 16 14 19 16 13 12 14 12 5 6 15 8 4 11 6 1 2 1 7 11 ■- X r 1-i ? 200 800 800 176 309 159 212 is:. 82 in 38 86 42 36
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84 411 42 50 36 4s 3G 30 36 30 38 su 17411 1722 171(1 15711 1526 14911 1460 1840 1041 1 1968 1739 1887 1722 1970 1676 1804 FIELD-BTJG. A pentatomid. See Stixk- distinct branch of instruction, and with the Bvg. genera] advantage of military science and hygiene FIELD COOKING. The method of prepar- is receiving more than ever before its proper ing soldiers' rations in the field. Field kitchens share of attention. Tn the United States post