Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/629

* FEUILLANTS. FEVER. Anne of Austria founded a house for them in Paris in 1GG2. (2) A faction in the assembly of the clergy in Paris (1755), which discussed the execution of the constitution Unigenitus. At this time Cardinal de la Rochefoucauld, ixchbi hop of Bourges, was appointed Minister of Public Wor- ship (de In Feuille, hence the name), and took the lead of a sort of ministerial party, Gallican and half Jansenist in lour, which formed a small majority of the assembly. Sec Cai.i.ican Chi rch. (3) A political club in Paris during the early years of the French Revolution, originally known as the Society of the friends of the Constitution, or the Club of 1789. It met at the ancient convent of the Jacobins, and comprised a majority of the members of the Constituent Assembly. With the progress of radical ideas, the friends of monarchy in the society grew discontented, and in duly, 1791, more than three hundred deputies, among them Barere, Lanjuinais, Sieyes, Lafayette, and the Lameths, seceded, taking up their home in the convent of the Feuillants in Rue Honore (see above). Those who remained came to be known specifically as Jacobins (q.v.). The Feuillants lost rapidly in numbers and influence; as a group of well-fed men who believed in a constitutional monarchy, they were hated alike by Jacobins and Royalists. In the Legislative Assembly they numbered only 162 out of a total of 745, and from conservative they became, in the course of time, reactionary. The Jacobins repeatedly im- peached them before the Assembly; in December, 1791, they were compelled to abandon their meeting-place in the Feuillants, and in August, 1792, the papers of the club were seized. It died peacefully. FEUILLET, fe'ya', Octave (1821-90). A popular French novelist and dramatist, born at Saint. Lo. A favorite of the Court and society of the Second Empire, he was of Norman birth. He began his literary life as a collaborator of'the elder Dumas, but presently deserted the ro- mantic group and set up as a 'family Musset,' a purveyor of novels and plays that should seem proper for general reading. His early dramas, Le cheveu blanc (1856); Le roman d'un jeune hvinmt' pauvre (dramatized from his story of the same name, in 1S58) ; La tentation; La belle aux bois dormant; Montjoye, are fundamentally unhealthy growths of hothouse sentiment. His dramatic works (Thiaire Complet) were col- lected in five volumes (1892-93). No one has painted so well the high-strung, neuropathic so- ciety woman, and in this he contributed an essen- tial element to the growth of realism in fiction. On the fall of the Empire he grew more sternly realistic in his treatment of the hard, selfish cynicism of the French upper class. It is curious to contrast in this regard Monsieur de Camors of 1807 with Julia de Trecceur of 1872, and this again with the Histoire d'tine parisienne (1881) and Les amours de Philippe (1887). FEUILLETON, fe'ye-tdu' (Fr.. leaflet). A name given first to the literary portion of a French journal, usually occupying the lower third of the first page, Tielow the line' as it is technically called. The idea originated with the elder Bertin, editor of Le Journal des Drlmls (1800-41). The space was originally occupied, as it is often still, by criticisms, essays, and hut in the early thirties, lir-t perhap b I Sue. the Eeuilleton began lo be used for continued stories, often of portentous length; and the in- novation beci so popular as to have a notice- able effed on i Li minor and even i he great* i novelists. Each day demanded its copy, ha i production became t he rule, unity of construction was sacrificed to the independent inter I ol each fragment, the attention of the reader was directed to details, und the whole suffered fr the accentuation of its pints. This will account for the literarj defects in such still populai novels as Duma '.- Monte Cristo (Paris, 1845); Sue's Le /nil errant (Paris, 1845); and l.rs mysteres de Paris (Paris. 1843), The g purveyors of feuilleton were the elder Dumas, Sue, Soulio. Souvestre, Karr, Bernard, Paul de Ko.k, and Janin. Their most popular sn was Ponson du Terrail. FEVAL, fa'val', Paul Henri Coretin (1817 87). A prolific novelist, best remembered for his sensational Mysteres de Londres | I 1 vols., 1844), which rivaled for a time Sue's Mysteres de Paris, and was dramatized and several t inns translated. A ng other novels dramatized with success, the more noteworthy are: Le fits du diable (1847) ; Le bossu (1858) ; Le dernier vivant I L873) ; Les merveilles du moni Saint-Michel (1879). There are translations of other novels with the titles, The Lover of Paris (1840); The Duke's Motto (18G3): 77ie ^Yoman of Mystery (1804); and Thrice Dead (1869). FEVER (AS. fefer, OHG. fiebar, Ger. Fu h r, from Lat. febris, fever, from fevere, to be hot). A condition occurring during disease characterized principally by increase of the temperature of the body. The temperature is estimated according to the state of the internal parts, rather than the external. The term fever is also applied to certain diseases in which high temperature is a promi- nent symptom, as typhoid fever, scarlet fever, yellow fever. Fever is a constant accompani- ment of these diseases, as well as of pneumonia, which was formerly called lung fever. In most such diseases there is first a feeling of weakness, apathy, loss of appetite, and a chilly feeling, with pains in the body and limbs, and rapid pulse, constituting the period of invasion. Suc- ceeding this comes the period of domination, din- ing which the pulse remains rapid, the surface becomes flushed and hot, the temperature rises ^t ill higher; thirst, headache, restlessness, and rapid breathing exist; the skin is very dry, and the urine is scanty. During the decline of the fever the temperature falls, perspiration breaks out, the rate of respiration diminishes, pains cease, and the patient falls asleep. All fever is de- pendent upon a morbid process which causes deterioration of the blood or other tissue, and is due partly to chemical changes which occur, and partly to irritation of the nervous system by some substance produced by the disease. There are no 'self-originating,' or 'spontaneous' or 'idiopathic' fevers. Fevers are named accord- ing to prominent features, supposed or real causes, or localities in which they are commonly found. Thus we have scarlet and yellow fevers. malarial fever, ship (or jail) fever. Malta fever, spotted fever, dengue (or dandy) fever, etc. Tf a fever is protracted for several days during