Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/579

* FENCING. 527 FENELON. on-, ;intl particularly t lie foils and singlesticks, plentiful. One of the best books on the sub- , rl i from the historical point of view is Hutton, Tin- Sword and the Centuries (Londoi I New Yoik, 1901). Consult: Thimm, A Complete Bib- Uography of Fencing and Duelling I London, 1896); Czeipek, Die Fechtkunst im Duell (Gratz, LS!I7); Hergsell, Die Fechtkunst vm XV. und A I /. Jahrhundert (Prague, 1896) j Etistow, Hi, uioderne Fechtkunsi (Prague, 1896); Praktische Bajonett-Fechtsehiile nnvh hr liajonettii Vor- sehrift fur die Infanteru (Berlin, ISS'.i) ; Bay- onet Uncle and Defence (Chatham, England, and Canada). FENCING THE TABLES. A term applied in Scotch Presbyterian churches to the address before the administration of the Lord's Supper, setting forth who are 'the worthy communicants,' and warning others from partaking. FEN'DALL, Josias. A proprietary and Co- lonial Governor of Maryland from 1050 to 1000. He was born probably in England. He was one of Lord Baltimore's trusted agents in his Mary- land colony, and as a reward for his services Lord Baltimore made him a large grant of land, and commissioned him Governor. He was unable to enforce his authority, and was taken prisoner by the Puritan faction, but was released on tak- ing oath that he would not interfere with the established government. Leaving Maryland, he proceeded to England, where he conferred with Lord Baltimore, and acted as his adviser in his attempts to secure from Cromwell a recognition of his proprietary rights. In November, 1057, Fendall returned to Maryland as Governor. In tin- interregnum which followed the abdication of Richard Cromwell, Fendall seems to have de- serted his former benefactor; for he placed his resignation in the hands of the Assembly and accepted from it a new commission as Gov- ernor. The newly established Government, after a brief existence of six months, was again superseded by the proprietary, Philip Calvert being appointed Governor in place of Fendall. who was imprisoned. He was tried in the follow- ing spring and banished, but upon promising obe- dience was permitted to live unmolested until 1661, when, again being implicated in an insur- rection, he was banished and his estates con- fiscated. FENDER (from fend, abbreviation of de- fend). A device for protecting the sides of ships or boats from chafe or other injury. They are of numerous kinds. Rope fenders, made of large soil rope covered with canvas, are used for heavy boats, surrounding the hull just below the wash- board. Cork fenders, much used on board modern vessels, consist of a closely plaited rope netting in the shape of a bag. filled with cork, and sup- ported in place by a small rope. Heavy wooden fenders, which are merely solid cylindrical pieces of pine or other soft wood, are also common. They are three to eight feet long and six inches to a foot in diameter; in some eases they are wrapped with old rope, old fire-hose, or the like. Buring the Spanish War the desirability of coal- ing the United States ships at sea developed a special heavy elass of fenders; the best of these were made of cotton-bales, lashed with rope (which in some eases was covered with leather where likely to chafe) and supported from the deck- by heavy rope sling-. FEN DISTRICT. Bee Bl bfokd I FENELON, fa'n'-10n', Franqois de 8aj in i lc i 1 65 ii.i.ii. ilisl Lnguished French author and prelate, lie was born August o. 1651, in ihe Chateau Fenelon, Pr< inee hi Pgrigord, in (lie present Department of Dordogne. lie was the descendant of a family which has given in:iii, celebrities both to the Church ami to the State in France. His education was conducted at home up to his twelfth Mar. At a very early age »- bowed lively interest in the classics and e pecially in Greek. At the age of twelve he was sent to the University of Cahors, noted at the ti for its classical course. Thence he was transferred to the famous Jesuit College Du Plessis in Paris. His Bucces in his studies was remarkable, and at the early age of fifteen he attracted the atten- tion of the literary coterie of the Hotel Hum liouillel. At the close of a brilliant college ca- reer, when scarcely twenty years of age, he en- tered the Seminary of Saint Sulpice, which, under the Abbe Tronson. was worthily fulfilling the purposes of its great founder. Olier. In 1075, at the age of twenty four, F§nelon received holy orders. For some time after his ordination he was employed in attendance at the hospitals and in other parochial duties of the Parish of Saint Sulpice. In the year 1078 he was made director of the Nouvelles Catholiques, a community of women founded for the purpose of strengthening female converts in the faith and instructing those who desired to abandon heresy. While thus occu- pied he formed an intimacy with Bossuet and took part in conferences on Holy Scripture held under his auspices. Fenelon looked up to Bos- suet almost as a master. At this time, at the re quest of the Duchess of Beauvilliers, he wrote his book De Veducution des filles, which was in- tended only for private circulation. It attracted so much attention, however, that it was given to the public in 1681. (There are several English translations, e.g. "On the Education of a Daugh- ter," Boston. 1856.) The book has been called an anticipatory condemnation of Rousseau's Entile. The gentleness, moderation, and charity With which he discharged his duties toward the young converts led to his appointment as head of a mission, which, on the revocation of the Edicl of Nantes in 10S5. was sent to preach among the Protestant population of Saintonge and Poitou. Here his simple charity and unaffected sympathy accomplished much in converting the inhabitants. He refused to allow force to be employed wher- ever his authority extended. His success may perhaps be best judged from the fact that a century later, at the time of the Revolution, this part of France, La Vendee, was the only province that took up arms in defense of throne and altar. In 1688 he resumed his duties in the Maison des Nouvelles Converties, and in 1689 was named by Louis XIV. to the highly responsible post of pre- ceptor of his grandson, the young Duke of Bur- gundy. Bossuet said that the position was a proper reward for merit thai took the greatest pains to conceal itself. In this position Fenelon showed himself a great practical educator. While imparting the most varied knowledge, he knew bow to prepare the mind and heart of his pupil for the enat responsibility that was to be bis as the destined ruler of France. He impn