Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/564

* FELANITX. 512 FELIBRIGE. cloth, soap, lime, etc. Stock-raising and fishing also are carried on. Puerto Colorn, its port, has 11,558. FELCH. Alpheus (1806-96). An American jurist, born in Maryland. He graduated at Bow- doin College in 1827, and removed to Michigan, where he served in the State Legislature in 1836- 37, and for some time was one of the State Bank Commissioners in which capacity he exposed many frauds under the banking law. Later he was elected Governor of the State (1846), but before the expiration of his term resigned to enter the Senate, in which he served >ix years (1847-53). He was then made president of the commission appointed to adjust the Spanish and Mexican land claims growing out of the provi- sions of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, and from 1879 to 18S3 was professor of law in Michi- gan University. FEL'DER, Cajetan, Baron (1814-94). An Austrian politician. He was born and educated at Vienna, and became lecturer on political history, statistics, and international law at the university there. In 1868 he succeeded Zelinka as burgomaster of Vienna, in which ca- pacity he contributed to the extension and em- bellishment of the city, the improvement of the water-supply, and to reforms in various mu- nicipal departments. In 1S69 he became a mem- ber of the Upper House, and in 1878 Marshal of Lower Austria. He wrote Die Gi mi mdt verwal- tung ili r Reichshaupt- and Residenzstadl Wien {ii ed. 1872: two additional volumes, 1875-78). FELDKIRCH, felt'kirK. A town of Vorarl- berg, Austria, picturesquely situated about 1500 feet above the sea, in a rocky pass, which forms a natural fortress of great strength, on the river Tel, near its junction with the Rhine (Map: Austria, A 3). It is 23 miles west-southwest of Bregenz. There are a handsome Rathaus and a Jesuit training college (Stella Ma tutina). The town's industries include flour, woolen, and saw mills. Above Feldkirch rises the ruined castle of Schattenburg. once the seat of the counts of Montfort. Population, in 1900, 4617. FELDSPAR, fel'spar (Ger. Feldspath, from Feld, field + Spath, MHG. spat, laminated stone; connected by popular etymology with spar). A group of minerals, all the species of which con- sist of silicate of aluminum in combination with one or more- of the following metal-: Sodium, potassium, calcium, or barium. The various species and their numerous varieties, all of which occur originally in igneous or metamorphic rocks, resemble each other closely in respect of genera] form, texture, etc. Their hardness i-. not quite^ that of quartz, ami their specific gravity varies between 2.5 and 2.9. while their colors range from white, through pink, yellow, n, and red, to dark greenish-brown, iccord ing in their crystalline form, the different varie- i ii are divided into monoclinic aid i riclinic feld- l' i - and under each of these heads thej are grouped into species, i rding to their compo- sition, Orthoclase, a potash feldspar, is the lemon kind, occurring in monoclinic crys- tal - i [lassy, white, pink, and flesh red i dm', in granite, gneiss, syenite, ami many volcanii rocks. Idularia, or moonstone, is a white variety of ortl jase that, because of its pearly, opalescent reflections, i cut as a gem. Wicroclini. a Iri- clinic potash feldspar, has a green variety, amazon -tone, found in granite at Pike's Peak, Colo., and in the Ural Mountains; this variety is also cut as a gem stone. The plagioelase feldspars, embracing albite, oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, anorthite, and their several varieties, are soda-lime feldspars that vary in composition between the nihil,-, which is high in soda and low in lime, ami anor- thite, which is low jn soda and high in lime. Among the members of this group, labradorite is the most important, as it forms a large part of the volcanic rocks of Pre-Camorian age, such as those in the Adirondack region of New York and in many other similar localities of America and Europe. Some varieties of labradorite es hibit on the polished surface a beautiful play of iridescent colors, and have on this account been employed to a considerable extent as ornamental stones. All the feldspars weather readily under the action of both atmospheric agencies and acidu- lated surface water-, and yield a. form of clay known as kaolin, which is of great economic importance in the pottery industries. Unaltered feldspar, especially such as occurs in' veins in granite and gneiss, is quarried, crushed, washed, and made into a paste that is applied to the sur- face of pottery to form the glaze. See Kaolin; Porcelain; Pottery: and the names of the different forms of feldspar mentioned above. FELEGYHAZA, falagsh-hii'sa, or KISKTJN- FELEGYHAZA, klsh'koon. A town in Hun- gary, about 65 miles southeast of Budapest (Map: Hungary, F 3). It trades in fruit, grain, wine, ami tobacco. The surrounding country fur- nishes rich pastures, and cattle-raising is an 'im- portant industry. Population, in 1890, 30,326 ; in 1900, 33,242. FELIBIEN", fa 'le'byax', Andre (1019-95). A French architect and historiographer. He was born at Chartres, and was a protege of Fouquet and Colbert. He became historiographer of buildings, secretary of the Academy of Architec- ture (1071), and director of the Cabinet of An- tiques. He wrote a great number of works on architecture, painting, and sculpture, which, apart from their historical value, faithfully re- fleci the opinions of the Royal Academy, of which he was long the recognized exponent. Of these the following are the more important: Kill}; iii us sur hs r'ns it SUT Irs nurrili/is ilrs plus • .'vi lli nis juiii ins, anciens et modernes (1666-1688); Prmcipes •/. I'architecture, ili In sculpture, '/<• la peinture, etc., uric un diction- naire des termes propres t 1(176-90). FELIBRES, faTc'br'. Les. See Felibrige. FELIBRIGE, fa'le'breW. An association founded at the Chateau of FontsSgugne, near Avignon, on May 21, 1854, and organized in its present form at Avignon on May 21. 1X7(1. Il> purpose is stated in the first article of its con- stitution: "lo bring together anil to encourage those who by their writings preserve (he language of the land "f Oc, ami also those scholars and artists who study and work in the interest of this region ' The langue d'oc, so called because of the word for 'yes,' oe. has novel ceased lo be spoken in a multitude of dialects all over the south "f France, ami it is estimated that to-day some ten millions of persons know and use this language in oi - another of its forms. No literature of
 * i safe but shallow harbor. Population, in 1900,