Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/560

* FEEDING STUFFS. 5US FEELING. feeding stuffs is the digestibility, or the propor- tions of the several nutrients which are digested by the animal. The digestibility varies widely in the case of different materials. In the case of corn-meal, for instance, 68 per cent, of t lit- pro- tein, 95 per cent, of the nitrogen-free extract, and 92 per cent, of the fat is digested, on an average; while in the case of wheat straw only about 23 per cent, of the protein, 50 per cent, of the nitrogen-free extract, and 35 per cent, of the fat is digested. The undigested portions are of no use in the nutrition of the animal, and are voided as manure. Tables of digestibility have been worked out, covering the more important feeds in general use. For these and further analyses of feeding stuffs, the reader is referred to compila- tions published by the United States Department of Agriculture. The large demand for the more concentrated feeds, especially the by-products, has led to adul- teration with cheaper and inferior materials, to some extent, and to the use of names which may deceive the purchaser. Cottonseed-meal, for ex- ample, has been diluted with a quantity of ground cottonseed-hulls and sold under the name of cottonseed feed, the mixture being greatly in- ferior to the meal. Furthermore, the by-products vary widely in composition, due to changes in the process of manufacture or to the separation of the germs from the rest, or to the addition of the hulls. These facts have suggested the de- sirability of legislation which shall require manu- facturers to guarantee the percentage of protein, fat. etc., in their products, and which shall pro- vide a feeding-stuff control, similar to that for fertilizers. Such laws have been passed in Massa- chusetts, Maine, Connecticut, New York. New Jersey, Vermont, and Rhode Island: and protec- tion in the purchase of these materials has been secured thereby. Similar protection is provided by the Fertilizer and Feeding Stuff Act of Eng- land, and by a voluntary control in Germany. From time to time various mixed or 'condimental' feeds are extensively advertised, with extrava- gant claims for their effect on the general health of animals or for their ability to increase milk production greatly. Tonic or medicinal properties are claimed for many of them. They often contain a considerable quantity of salt, and frequently a harmless quantity of fenugreek (q.v.), sulphur, gentian, ginger, and similar substances. None of them arc concentrated feeds, in the common acceptance of the term: and Sir John Lawes many years ago showed condimental feeds to be of no advantage to healthy stock. They arc usually sold in small packages, the price ranging from lo to 20 cents a pound, which, from the standpoint of their feeding value, is exorbitant. in spite of this, large quantities of these feeds are sold throughout the United state-. A new class of feeding stuffs has recently come into use in Europe, in which the molasses from ii> ir inei factories is a prominent component. Various materials, such as palm nut meal, bran, ground corn stalks, and dried beet chips are used b the molasses and to make the mixture richer in protein, Soi f these uwli irprisinglj I results, and I hey appeal to be relished by stock. Blood has been used 1.. si, in,- extenl in a similar way. Consul! lull inr iiimal-." in Uniti <l States Depa I tlturt ) ■ arbook, t89Jf95 (Washington, 1895-97). See Feeding Fabm Animals. FEE'HAN, Patrick A. (1829-1902). An American Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Tipperary, Ireland, and was educated at Maynooth College, Kildare. He came to the United States in 1852, settled in Saint Louis, Mo., and became pastor of Saint John's Church in that city. In 1854 he was appointed president of the Seminary of Carondelet, and in 1859 pastor of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. He was consecrated Bishop of Nashville, where he showed his great ability as an organizer in com- pletely reconstructing the diocese, which had be- come demoralized during the Civil War. With great obstacles to overcome, and with his work made more difficult by three successive epidemics of yellow fever, he made his diocese administra- tively one of the strongest in the country, and its educational institutions models for parochial schools in other dioceses. He founded the Cath- olic Knights of America, a lay organization which has spread throughout the United States. In 18S0 Bishop Feehan was installed as the first archbishop of the newly created archiepiscopal see of Chicago. FEELING (AS. fdan, OHG. fuolen, Ger. fiih- /• a. tn feel: ultimately connected with Lat. pal- ma, Gk. Trakaiu), palame, palm of the hand, Skt. /»?»!, hand, AS., OS. folm, hand). A term whose variety of meaning has caused much confusion in psychology. It is used ( 1) for perceptions of touch: we say that a thing 'feels' hard or soft or rough ; and we 'feel' for our matches in the dark, or (metaphorically) 'feel' our way in some delicate undertaking. This, the popular usage, would seem to be etymologically correct. It is, however, being discontinued in psychology. (2) The word is used for certain organic sensations of diffuse character, which are ordinarily tinged with strong affection: we speak of 'feeling' hungry, thirsty, fatigued, etc. This usage ap- proximates very' closely to (6) below. (3) As touch is the primordial sense, from which all others have been developed, it is but natural that the term feeling, the perception of touch, should be extended to embrace every mode of mental process. Feeling, in this sense, covers all sorts of mental elements, and formations: sensa- tions, affections, perceptions, ideas, emotions, actions, etc. It is being replaced by 'mental process' (q.v.). In modern psychology, there is a well-marked tendency to restrict the term 'feeling' to some kind of affective process. (See Affection.) So we find (4) a classification of mental functions as thOSe of the intellect, the feelings or sensibilities, and the will: feeling here including emotions. sentiments, moods, ami feelings proper. We often say, too, that we 'feed' sorry or glad or de pressed; or that we 'feel' the beauty of a land- scape or the sublimity of a work of art. (5) Since this usage is unnecessarily wide, we find the meaning of Hie term restricted. Some authoi make 'feeling' the equivalent of Hie German rewies Qefuehl, or pure feeling; i.e. define ii as affection is defined. (6) It is, however, better lo regard feeling as a concrete process, com pounded of sin ;ii inn iiinl affection, and lying in order of complexity next below the emotion i q.v.). If would then be correel to talk of Hie 'feeding' of drowsiness, or suffocation, or ill