Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/54

* EMERY. 38 EMIGRATION. emery over paper which has been covered with a coating of glue. It is used either by wrapping it round a fine file or a stick, or in the hand, according to the form of the work. Emery cloth is made like emery paper, with coarse calico sub- stituted for the paper. The emery does not adhere so well to this as to paper, and it is therefore not used by metal-workers, who work emery paper till smooth with wear, but is chiefly used for purposes where the hand alone is used, and paper would tear. Emery sticks are used for the same purposes as emery paper wrapped round files; they are made of deal sticks shaped like files, then glued over, and dipped once or in a heap of emery. Emery stone is a kind of earthenware mixed with emery, formed by pressing a mixture of clay and emery into suitable molds, and then firing, like common earthenware. It is molded into wheels, laps, etc. Its hardness and cutting power are very considerable. Emery wheels are most efficient; they vary in diameter from 1 to 3G inches, and a re" revolved at a high velocity. See Abrasives. EMTKY, Stephen Albert (1841-91). An American musician. He was born at Paris, Maine, and studied at Leipzig, where he had such distinguished teachers as Riehter, Hauptmann, and Plaidy. Alter further tuition under Spind- ler at Dresden he returned to Portland, and was shortly afterwards appointed instructor at the New England Conservatory in Boston. Here he remained |nr three years, and upon the establish- ment of the College of Music of Boston Univer- sity was made professor of harmony and counterpoint at that institution. His works comprise pianoforte compositions, songs, string- quartets, pari songs, and two text-books respec- tively on pianoforte playing and on The Wle- mi i its of Harmony. The latter is regarded as a standard work. EM'ESA. See HOMS. EMETIC (l.at. emeticus, <:k. iiurucit, emeti kos, emetic, from (uftv, emein, to vomit). Medi- cine given for the purpose of producing vomit- ing (q.v.). Emetics are given when it is desir- able to relieve the stomach of some noxious or indigestible substance, as a poison, or excess of food, or some special article of diet which has disagreed. In some diseases of the respiratory organs, emetics are given as a quick and safe method of removing accumulated mucus from the ail passages; and in croup (q.v.) their action is e peciallj favorable, being often followed by ex- pectoration and a rapid improvement in the suf- focative ymptoms, There are two classes of cmei ic i i Local irritant s to the Btoi ih, istard • ' ' emet ics ad ing on !!»■ vomit ing centre in the brain, as ipecacuanha apomorphia, and tartai emetic. The former are afer; bul Ipecacuanha is well borne by children with croup. 1 1 h great caul ion in all ed id' of t he system, as their pri- q, which i- attended ith more or li diminul ion of the it:il power, and often with great depres • ion of t hi hea 1 1 ' act ion, amount ing to or I EMETIC MUSHROOM. Bee Pi hoi, Edible » Poi o EMT3TINE (from La< >■. emetic), (' li i> alkaloid which forma the :i't i ■■ pi inciple of ipecacuanha-root. It is a yellowish- white powder, which is slightly soluble in cold water, but dissolves readily in alcohol. When taken internally, it exhibits violent emetic prop- erties. See IPECAC i A.XHA. EMEU (Port, cma, probably from an Austra- lian word). A ratite bird of Australia, closely allied to the cassowary, but larger, sometimes weighing about 130 pounds, and next to the ostrich in size. It differs from the cassowary in having the bill horizontally depressed, the head feathered and destitute of a bony crest, and the throat nearly naked and with no pendant wat- tles. The feet are three-toed, as in the cassowary, and the wings are mere rudiments hidden be- neath the loose filamentous feathers of the body. The color is dull brown, mottled with dingy gray; the young are striped with black. When assailed, emeus strike backward and obliquely with the feet, like the cassowary, and they are so powerful that a stroke of the foot is said to be sufficient to break a man's leg. They cannot fly, but run very fleetly. They are timid and peaceful, and trust altogether to speed for safety, unless hard pressed. In a w ild state they some- times occur in small flocks, but they have now be- come extinct in the more thickly settled parts of Australia. The extinction of the genus will be prevented, however, by its being preserved in a state of domestication, as they are very easily domesticated, breed readily in that state, and the flesh and eggs are excellent. The common emeu has frequently bred in Europe, where it is constantly seen in menageries, or domesticated in English parks. The eggs are six or seven in number, dark green; the male performs the prin- cipal part of the incubation. The fat beneath the skin contains much oil: six or seven quarts are obtained from a single bird, and on this ac- count it has been much hunted in Australia. Its food consists chiefly of roots, fruits, and herbage. The only note is a drumming sound, which is frequently emitted. Two species of emeu are recognized by ornithologists, the most common of which is Dromwus Novae-Bollandio!, above described. A less-known, slender species, of Western Australia, is Dromosus inornatus, Thesi Dstitute tin' family DromaMda?, of which tiary deposits of India. See Plate of Casso- W Mill S. EMIGRATION (Lat. emigratw, removal from a place, from emigrare, to emigrate, from e, oul -| migrare, to depart). In the broadest sense emigration denotes the transfer of resi- dence from one place to another. But so broad a definition includes many phenomena, such as the movement from rural districts to the cities or the settling of the West by pioneers from the Atlantic States, which .'ire not commonly desig- nated :i, emigration. To be- an emigrant usually implies thai a person leaves his own State and places himself under the jurisdiction of a for- n power, that his destination is widely dis- tant, from the mother country, and that, he is one of many who are doing the -ame thing. Immi- i obviously the same thing as emigra- tion, DOT define the latter, viewed from the standpoint of the country which receives per- il om "I lior la ml Mi- iiiii'. The movement of tribes and races, "'lie ; mini of which will be found in the
 * i fossil species has been discovered in the Ter-