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* FAUQUE DE JONQUIERES. 485 FAUSBOLL. French mathematician and naval officer, horn at Carpentras. As chief of stall' to Admiral La (irandiere in Cochin-China, he organized at Sai- gon the first agricultural and industrial exposi- tion in the French Asiatic possessions. He was appointed vice admiral October I. 1879, and in 1883 became director of the Bureau of Charts and Plans. His mathematical works include: l/. langes de geomet ric pure (1850) ; Essai sur la giniration des courbes ge'om&triques (1859); 7 In ion an 8 fondamentaux sur les si > u v ./. euurbi s ,i,l, surfaces algdbraiques, etc. (1805). He also translated into French the Epistles and the Art of Poetry of Horace. FAUQUIER, fa'kwer, Francis (c.1704-68). Colonial Governor of Virginia. He succeeded Dinvviddie as Lieutenani Governor of Virginia in 1758, and retained this position until his death. In 1765, upon the passage of Patrick Henry's famous Stamp Act resolutions, he dissolved the Virginia House of Burgesses. He also opposed tlic assembling of the Stamp Act Congress, and by refusing to summon the newly elected House of Burgesses, prevented tile Colony of Virginia from choosing delegates in compliance with the invitation of Massachusetts, lie published An Essay mi ir</,i/s and Means of liaising Money for the Support of the Present War, Without In- creasing the I'ulilie Debts (1756). FAURE, for, Francois Felix (1841-99). A French statesman. President of the F'rench Re- public from 1895 to 1S99. He was born in Paris, learned the trade of a tanner, and removed early in life to Havre, where he entered the employ of a large leather firm, of which he became the con- tinuing partner. He was president of the Chamber of C merce at Havre on the breaking out of the Franco-Prussian War, through which he served as a captain in the Garde Mobile. He did not enter political life until 1881, in which year he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from Havre as a moderate Republican. In the same year lie was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Commerce and the Colonies in the Gambetta Cabinet — a position he held until the fall of the Ministry in January, 1882. He was appointed to the same position in the Cabinet of M. Ferry in 1883, and retained it until the resigna- tion of the Cabinet in March, 1885. In the fol- lowing October he was returned to the Chamber of Deputies, where he became the chief spokes- man of the group known as Union Republicans. In the short lived Cabinet of M. Tirard (Janu- ary to February, 1888), he held for the third time the Under-Secretaryship for Commerce and the Colonies. He continued to serve in the Chamber of Deputies, being repeatedly elected its vice-presi- dent. Upon the election of M. Casimir-Perier to tlic Presidency in 1894, M. Faure was appointed Minister of Marine in the Cabinet of M. Dupuy. lb' was occupying this position when Casimir- IVrier suddenly resigned the Presidency in Jan- uary, 1895, and Faure was elected to fill the vacancy. M. Faure was not a great statesman, and his career as President was not a brilliant one. But he was conservative and safe, and in the first years of his administration, at least, popular with the working people, who recognized in him one of their own class. The four years (1895-98) were years of more than usual quiet in France, both in internal and foreign affairs. The Franco-Rus- sian alliance was the only step of any importance in the Republic's foreign relations, and the un fortunate Fashoda affair was happily terminal In 1898 the agitation for a n trial "i Dreyfus caused considerable feeling, the outcome of which President Faure, however, never knew, lie was stricken with apoplexy, and died on February Hi, 1899. FAURE, Jean Baptiste | L830— ). A French barytone ami composer, horn at Moulins. When thirteen years old he entered the Paris Cor vatory, and became a chorister at the Madeleine, while his instructor was Trfivaux. After having won first prize in tin mic opera class ai the Conservatory, he made his professional debut at the opera Comique in ls."i2. ili-, firsl triumph came in Is:,;, and two years later Meyerbeer wrote for him the role of Hoel in the Pardon '/■ Ploermel. In 1801 he appeared at the Grand Opera, ami his subsequent career was a repetition of successes. In 1857 he had become a professor at the Conservatory. For a time he sang in London and in Germany, but in 1870 hit the opera, ami thereafter appeared only in concerts. In 1881 he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. As a composer Faure was well known for his sacred songs, many of which largely owed their popularity to his interpretation. Among them are Lis Rameaux (The Palms), Pie Jesu, and Crucifix. In 1880 he published Ln I in.)' et le Client, a treatise, with numerous ex- ercises, on vocalization. Besides being a musi- cian, Faure was also an art connoisseur and col- lector. FAURIEL, fo'ryel', Claude Charles (1772- 1844). A French philologist, historian, and critic, born at Saint Etienne. From 1830 until his death he was professor of foreign literature in the Faculty of Letters at Paris. In 1830 he published his chief work, Histoire de la Gaule ineriiliouale sous In domination des eonquerants germains, which constituted a section of an ex- tensive projected history of culture and literature in France. Worthy of notice, also, particularly on account of its historical introduction, is his edit ion of the Provencal rhymed chronicle, en- titled Histoire de la croisade contre les her6tiqu< s albigeois (Paris, 1837). After his death thi appeared two collections of his lectures. Histoire de la pocsie provencale (1840) and Dante et les origines de la langue et de la litterature ita- liennes (1854)'. His works served to stimulate the study of the literature of the Middle Ages, though his learning is frequently more extensive than exact. FAUSBOLL, fousliel. MrcnAEL Viggo (1821 — ). A Danish philologist and Pali scholar, born at Hove, near Lemvig. In 1801 he received an appointment in the library at Copenhagen, and in 1878 he was made professor of Indo-Oriental languages in the university. His chief work has been in the editing of Pali texts, and in thus spreading a knowledge of the Buddhist sacred looks. Among his important publications are: The Dhammapadam, with a translation ami com- mentary in Latin (Copenhagen, 1855; 2d ed. London. 1900) ; Fire Jatakas, with English trans- lation (18(11): Tiro Jatakas (1870); Dasarathu Jataka (1871); Ten Jatakas MS72): The Jatakas, with an English commentary- to he in six volumes (London. 1870-90). He has also written much on other subjects.