Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/534

* FATTORI. 182 FAUCHER. (18G8; Livorno Gallery); "The Wounding oi Prince Amadeo near Custozza" (1870; the Brera, Milan). Some few genre pictures also are from his brush, including "The Horse Market in the Piazza Montanara, Rome," and "The Horse Mar- ket in Terracina." In his battle subjects he displays much dramatic skill. FATTY DEGENERATION. A pathological term signifying the gradual replacement by fat- globules of the tissues of a living body, impair- ing and finally destroying them. These globules, though originating in the living tissues and exist- ing among them, have in themselves no element of life : hence, when they replace living tissues, they are destructive of them. Fatty degenera- tion must be distinguished from obesity, which is simply excessive deposition of fat between the, tissues. * The disease, which is not curable, is of frequent occurrence, and it attacks nearly all the tissues, particularly the muscular and cellular, as in the heart and' liver, which organs are often the seats of the disease. The red blood-globules and the nerves are probably never attacked by it. FATUITY (Lat. fatuitas, foolishness, from fatuus, foolish). The impairment or extinction of intelligence, of memory, and of the will, ren- dering tiie patient apathetic, passive, plastic. The disease may involve the affections and the moral sense, and abrogate the power of deci- sion and all spontaneity of action and tin mght. The term was formerly used as a synonym of dementia, but is now applied to idiocy ( q.v. ). and rarely to a condition existing during con- tinued fevers or other exhausting diseases, in which the patient is dull, apathetic, and intel- lectually feeble. FAUBOURG, fS'boor' (OF. forbourg, from fors, Fr. hois, from Lat. foris, outside, beyond + bourg, from Lat. burgus, OHG. burg, Ger. Hunj, AS. burh, Eng. borough; formerly written also faux-bourg, false town, by popular etymology). A suburb in French cities, a part of the town now indeed within the walls (or the town limits), but which was without them when, in former days, the walls were less extensive. FAUCES, fa'sez ( Lat.. throat ). The back part of the mouth, consisting of the passage from the cheek-cavity proper to the cavity of the pharynx. Above the fauces is the soft palate, and on either side are the pillars of the fauces, between the ■folds of which lie the tonsils (q.v.). See Tongue; Palate; Pharynx. FAUCHE, fosh, UiiM'oi.vTi; i 1 797 isiin) . A French Orientalist, born at Auxerre. Aiter writ- ing a theological poem, Panth4on (1842), and a novel. I. a Sinn- Oabrielle (1844), he devoted his life- and fortune to the task of translating into French various Sanskrit works. Among these arc- Qita Oovinda and Ritou Sa/nhara (1850); Bhartrihari and Tchaura (1852); a pan of the Ram8.ya.na (1854 58, in 9 vols.; abridgments, in 2 vols.. 1869; and in one, 1892); GEuvres com- pUtes de Kalidasa (1859-60X; Unt Tdtrade, con- taining the Wrichakatika of Sudraka, the Dacaku maracharita, the tahimnastava, and Magha's epic Sisupala Badha (1861-63); and about a third of the Mahabharata, in ten volumes (1863 72). These translations contain manj errors, as was inevitable considering the difficulties under which he lal id, but thej are marked by much sympathy for the original and by frequent fe- licity of rendition. FAUCHE-BOREL, bo'rel', Louis (1768- 1829). The principal agent nf the Bourbons dur- ing the royalist intrigues and conspiracies of the Revolutionary. Consular, and Imperial periods. He was born at Neuchatel, and received a very thorough education. He was a printer at the outbreak of the Revolution, conducted the nego- tiations with Pichegru for the restoration of the Bourbons, and for that purpose became estab- lished as a publisher at Strassburg. Here he was captured by order of the Directory in 1795, but was subsequently released. After the flight of Pichegru to England, Fauche-Borel continued the negotiations with Barras. In consequence of this he was banished from France. Nevertheless he undertook to circulate the manifesto of Louis XVIII. even after the accession of Napoleon to the throne. After a sojourn of eight years in England and Sweden, he returned to France in 1814 with the allied armies, and was employed to conduct certain secret negotiations. He subse- quently became Prussian Consul -General at Neuchatel. His services were unrecognized by the Bourbons until the accession of Charles X., when he received a pension of 5000 francs. His interesting Memoires were published after his death by Beauchamp (4 vols., 1828-29). The British Museum contain- an English work by Fauche-Borel entitled Exposition of the Persecu- tion Which Louis Fauche-Borel Has Experienced . . . in Consequence of the Zeal He lias Manifested in the Service of England and in the Cause of Legitimacy. ( FAUCHER, fo'sha', Julius (1820-7H). A German economist, co-founder of the German free-trade party. He was born in Berlin, and studied philosophy and political economy in that city. He early revealed himself a disciple of lAdam Smith, and a defender of the policy of Cobden and the English free-traders. Afterwards he became the foundeT of the Abendpost at Ber- lin, the first free-trade journal of Germany; and the organizer, with Wiss, Beta. Prince-Smith, and others, of the first German free-trade society. afterwards known as the Economic Society of Merlin. Upon the suppression of the Abendpost lancher went to England, where in 1856 he became one of the editors of the Morning Star, (he firsl free-trade paper 'established in Lon- don. Upon his return to Germany in 1861, he began a vigorous agitation in favor of liberty of domicile, industrial freedom, and free inter- national commerce. Tic was elected member of the Prussian Diet in the same year. In 1863 he founded at Berlin the Vierteljahrsschrift fur Volksvoirtschaft, Politik mi, I Kulturgeschichte, and in the campaign of 1870-71 accompanied the German irmy a- correspondent of tin' London Daily Vew s. He-ides his cont ribul ion- to econom- ics, which appealed in the 1 ierteljahrsschrift, hi published the books of travel entitled : Ein II i in TtaUen, Qriechenland und Konstantin i L876) ;Vergleichende Kulturbilder aus den europdischen Uillionenstadten (1877) ; xtren dutch die Kiisten und Tnseln des Irchipels and, h, n lei res I 1878) : and the English ,., , - i:,, ; ,„ Agrarian I .egislal ion in 1861," in System of Land Tenun in Various Countries (3d ed. L881).