Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/520

* FARQTJHAR. 468 TARRANT. FARQTJHAR, Norman yon Heldreich ( 1840 — ). An American naval officer, born at Potts- ville, Pa. He graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1859, was assigned to the squadron stationed off the African coast for the suppression of the slave trade, and during the Civil War served in the North Atlantic blockad- ing squadron. He participated in both attacks on Fort Fisher, was commissioned lieutenant- commander in 1865, became commodore in 1897, and subsequently rear-admiral. He was in com- mand of the Trenton, of the Pacific Station, when that vessel was wrecked during the great hurri- cane at Apia, Samoa (March 10, 1889). In 1889 he was appointed to the Lighthouse Board, in 1890 became chief of the bureau of yards and docks in the United States Navy Department, and in 1899 commander of the North Atlantic Station. FARQTJHARSON, far'kwer-son, Mabtha. See Finley, Mabtha. FARR, William (1807-83). An English stat- istician. He was born in Shropshire, was edu- cated at the universities of Paris and London, and afterwards gave his attention to medical statistics. A registration of deaths and their causes was commenced in England in 1837, and two years later Fair was made superintendent of the statistical department. A selection from his works, under the title Vital Statistics, was published in 1885. In addition, he published many essays and monographs on statistical sub- jects. FARRAGUT, far'a-gut, David Glasgow (1801-70 1. The most famous of American naval officers. He was born at Campbell's Station, near Knoxville, Term., on July 5, 1801, the son of George Farragut i 1775-1817 1. a native of Minor- ca, who had emigrated to the United States in 1776, and had taken an active part in the Revo- lutionary War. In 1808 the future admiral was adopted by Commander (later Commodore) Por- ter, and in December, 1810, entered the navy as a midshipman. He was assigned to the Essex (Captain Porter) in the same year, accompanied this vessel on its famous cruise in the Pacific I L812-14), and on March 28, 1814, distinguished himself in the bloody battle with the English vessels the Phosbe and tie Cherub. He then served successively on the liiilipciulriiri' and the Macedonian, in the .Mediterranean (1815-17); studied for nine months under Charles Folsom, l aited States consul at Tunis; became acting lieutenant on the Shark in 1819; was placed in command of the Ferret in 1823, and in 1825 became lieutenant on the Brandywine. For the next twelve years he served in subordinate ca pacifies on various vessels and in various parts of the world, bul in lH.'iS was placed in command of the sloop Erie, and in 1841 was raised to the rank of commander. During the Mexican War lie commanded the sloop - of - war Saratoga, in Commodore Perry's squadron, and maintained a i mi t blockade of the port of Tuxpan. He was on duly at the Norfolk (Va.) Navy Yard from ISIS I,, |s.-,, when be went to Washington to help compile a book of ordnance regulations for the navy, and from IS.">t to 1858 was engaged in c lalili-hing the Mare [gland Navy Yard, in San Francisco Bay. In 1858-59 he was commander of the sloop of war Brooklyn, and in 1860-61 was stationed at the Norfolk Navy Yard. Though bound to the South by birth and by the strongest of family ties, he remained steadfastly loyal to the Union at the time of the Civil War, and when Virginia seceded he removed from Nor- folk to Hastings-on-the-Hudson, and offered his sen ices unreservedly to the Federal Government. He served for several months on the Naval Retir- ing Board, but in December, 1861, was put in command of the West Gulf blockading squadron of seventeen vessels, which, with a mortar flotilla of twenty-five vessels, under Commander (later Admiral) David D. Porter (q.v.), was ordered to effect t he capture of New Orleans. On April 18, 1862, the mortar flotilla opened fire on I'd Is Jackson and Saint Philip, which, facing each other across the Mississippi, guarded the ap- proach to the city; but the bombardment made comparatively little impression, and on the 24th Farragut ran by the forts under a terrific tire (his flagship the Hartford suffering considerable damage), avoided the fire-rafts sent against him, and with the loss of a single vessel (though three had been forced to put back ), completely de- stroyed a Confederate fleet of thirteen gunboats and two ironclads. (See Fort Jackson and New Orleans.) On April 27th he took formal com- mand of New Orleans, which was almost imme- diately occupied by Federal troops under < en. B. F. Butler (q.v.). On June 28, 1862, a pari of his fleet passed the batteries of Vicksburg with slight loss, and a few weeks later repassed them. On March 14, 1S03. Farragut succeeded in run- ning by Port Hudson with the Hartford and one other vessel, and, controlling the river between Port Hudson and Vicksburg, rendered essential aid to the land forces in the campaigns against those strongholds. In 1S64 he was placed in command of a fleet of twenty-five vessels and or- dered against Forts Morgan and Gaines at the entrance of Mobile Bay. These he attacked at daylight on August 5th. Advancing in the fi t the enemy's torpedoes, one of which sank the Tecumseh, he silenced the forts with a tierce bombardment, passed into the harbor, and there destroyed a Confederate fleet consisting of an ironclad ram and four gunboats. (See Mobile Hay. ) He was raised to the rank of rear-ad- miral in July. 1862, to that of vice-admiral in December. 1864, and to that of admiral in July. 1866, the latter two grades having been expressly created for him by Congress. He made a long cruise in European waters in 1867, and subse quently visited California. Early in 1870 he went to Portsmouth, N. II., where, on August 1 4 1 h. he died. The authorized biography is that by Loyall Farragut, his son (New York, 1879) j and Captain A. T. Mahan has written an e eel lent life from the standpoint of a naval expert lor the "Great Commanders Series" (New York, L892). Consul! also a brief biography by Barnes (Boston, 1899). FAR'RAND, Livingston (1S67-). An American psychologist and author. He was bora at Newark, V J., and was educated at Princeton and Columbia universities, and later studied at Cambridge (England) and Berlin. In 1893 hev appointed instructor of psychology at Columbia Oniversity. His publications on psychology and anthropology arc based largely upon independent researches, FAR'RANT, Richard (c.1530-85). A poser of English Church music. He was organ-