Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/519

* FARNWORTH. 467 FARQUHAR. FARN^VORTH. A town of Lancashire, Eng- land, three miles south-southeast of Bolton-le- Moors and 15 miles northwest of Manchester (Map: England, D .'!)• It is a junction station on the Manchester and Bolton Railway, and is an important industrial centre, with manufactures of cotton and paper, and iron-foundries. It has a notable chapel, a picturesque embattled build- ing of the fifteenth century. Population, in 1891, 23,800; in 1901, 25,900. FARO, fii'rd. A seaport of Portugal in Al- garve, capita] of the district of its own name, situated on the southern coast, 140 miles south- cast of Lisbon (Map: Portugal, B 4). It has a partly ruined Moorish castle surrounded by old walls, a fine cathedral, a number of convents, and a seminary, a military hospital, and a mili- tary school. The harbor, at the mouth of a small river, and protected by islands, is spacious but not very deep. The town has, nevertheless, an active trade in fruits, oil, sumach, anchovies, wine, cork, etc. There are deposits of salt and antimony in the vicinity. Faro was recovered from the Moors in 12G0. It was sacked in 1596 by the English, and has suffered severely from earthquakes, notably in 1722 and 1755. Popula- tion, in 1890, 9338; in 1900, 11,835. FARO, far'6 or fa'ro, or PHAR'AON (from a picture of Pharaoh, formerly put on one of the cards). A game of cards played by any number of persons, for purely gambling purposes. A pack of cards is placed, face downward, in a clasp which allows one card at a time to be withdrawn from the top of the pack. The spec- tators bet before each card is drawn and ex- posed that it will be a court card, or black, or red, or have such and such a number of spots on it; and they win or lose as the case may be. When none but the last three cards are to be drawn, the betting is limited to the question in what order they will turn up. FAROCHON, fa'ro'shoN', Jean Baptiste Eu- gene (1812-71). A French medalist and sculp- tor. He was born in Paris, studied under David, and in 1835 was awarded the Prix de Rome for his work in medallions. In this line of art he acquired a high reputation, and in 1863 became professor at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. The statue of Christ in the Church of Saint Vincent de Paul. Paris, represents his work in marble. FAROE (fa'ro or fa'ro-c) ISLANDS (Dan. Fiiroerne). A group of islands, twenty-one in num- ber, of which only seventeen are inhabited, belong- ing to Denmark, and lying nearly midway between the Shetlands and Iceland, extending from lati- tude 61° 25' to 62° 25' N., and from longitude 6° 20' to 7° 40' W. (Map: Denmark, A 1). The prin- cipal island, Stromo (capital, Thorshavn), is 27 miles long and 8 miles broad; those next in importance are Ostero, Vaago, Bordii. Vidcrii. SandS, and Sudero. Their entire area is 514 square miles. They are mostly of volcanic rocks, vi*h basaltic formations covered with a thin vegetable soil, which yields pasturage for the cattle and numerous sheep which are reared on the islands. The highest point does not exceed 3000 feet, and there is a lack of streams, hut small fresh-water lakes are numerous. The coasts, which are steep and lofty, are broken by deep inlets, and in the adjacent waters are whirlpools and currents, which render nav- igation perilous. The hurricanes which prevail prevent the growth of trees and hinder tin cultivation of most of the ordinary vegeta- bles and cereals; but the climate is ho modified by oceanic influences that, notwithstanding tin: high latitude, snow rarely lies long on the ground, and the cattle can pass the greater part of the year in the Open air. The rainfall is excessive, amounting to about. 70 inches during the year. Coal ami prat arc found, and there are also traces of iron, copper, and chalcedony. The chief sources of wealth are in flocks of sheep and in the multitudes of sea-fowl which frequent the rocks. The islanders show great skill in climb- ing the dangerous (litis in search of birds, and they are also expert in fishing. Their exports are tallow, train-oil, feathers, skins, wool, fish, and butter. The people are of Norse descent — a vigorous, laborious, loyal, and religious race, belonging to the Lutheran Church. They are governed by a Lagthing consisting of eighteen members elected for four years, and presided over by a Danish Governor. The group is represented in the Danish Parliament by two representatives selected by the people — one directly and the other through the local Government. The islands, which were colonized by the Norwegians in the ninth century, were held by Norway individu- ally until the latter part of the fourteenth cen- tury, when they were shared with Denmark, which became sole possessor in 1814. The lan- guage of the people is only a slightly modified form of the old Norse. Population, about 13,000. Consult Jeaffreson, The Faroe Islands (New York, 1901). FARQUHAR, far'kwer, George (1678-1707). An English dramatist. He was born at London- derry, Ireland, and entered Trinity College, Dub- lin, in 1694, but left without a degree. He was then engaged as an actor by one of the Dublin theatres. Playing the part of Guyomar in Dry- den's Indian Emperor, he accidentally wounded a brother performer, and was so shocked by the occurrence that he at once quitted the boards. Accompanied by the actor Wilkes, he proceeded to London, and shortly afterwards received a commission in the regiment commanded by the Earl of Orrery, which was then stationed in Ireland. Urged by Wilkes, he produced in 1699 his first comedy, entitled Lore and a Bottle, which proved a success. The next year appeared his Constant Couple, which met with a brilliant reception, and to which he wrote a sequel called Sir Harry Wildair. In 1702 he produced The Inconstant, founded on the Wild-Goose Chase of Beaumont and Fletcher — a version in which all the coarseness and none of the poetry is retained. This was followed by The Twin Rivals (1702) ; The Stage Coarh (1701) : and a fine military comedy called The Recruit ing Officer (1706). He had married in 1703, and, falling into serious pecuniary difficulties, he sold his commission. He felt his poverty keenly, but nevertheless dur- ing his last illness wrote the best of his plays, The Beaux' Stratagem, it is said, in six weeks. Farquhar is one of the finest of our comic dra- matists, although Pope called him a 'farce writer.' Less brilliant than Congreve, he pos- sessed more warmth and a wider range of char- acter. He had wit in abundance, but he had hu- manity too. As a man he was tender-hearted and somewhat given to melancholy. Consult Dra- matic Works, edited, with life, bv Ewald (Lon- don. 18921.