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* FARINA. 460 FARLEY. nently at Milan. Among his numerous nov- els, which have been translated into several European languages, may be mentioned: Due amori (1869); Fiamma vagabond'! (1872). new ed. under the title Frutti proibiti (187S); II romanzo di tin oedovo (1872) ; 11 tesoro di Don- nina (1.877); Amore bendato (1873); Capelli biondi (1876); Dalla spuma del mare (1876); // signor lo (1S80); Fiu forte dell' amore (18H0) ; II numero li (18!16). For many years Farina was in charge of the literary department of the Gazzetta Musicale. At present he is ed- itor of the Rivista Minima, and of a library of selected foreign fiction. FARINATI, fa 'rf-nii'te, Paolo (1525-1606). An Italian painter, born in Verona. He was the pupil of Xiccolo Gialfino and Antonio Badile; but his style was modified by his study of the Venetians, Titian, Veronese, and Giorgione, and mure especially Giulio Romano. His works are amply conceived and rich in color. He also pro- duced some etchings from his own designs that show originality and power. There is a "Saint Martin" by him in the Duomo at Mantua, but most of his works are in the Museum and churches of Verona. His son and pupil, Orazio, painted historical subjects. FARINELLI, fa're-nel'le, Carlo (1705-82). An Italian singer, whose real name was Broschi. He was the most remarkable male soprano known, his voice being of unequaled compass, possessing seven or eight notes more than those of ordinary vocalists. When still a child he was known all over Italy as 'ragazzo' (the boy), and from 1722 his career was one unbroken triumph. In Vienna he evoked a frenzy of enthusiasm by his dazzling feats of vocalization, but on the advice of Charles VI. applied himself to sustained sing- ing and became equally great as a dramatic singer. In London (1734) Farinelli's presence in the company of his former teacher, Porpora, then in an operatic war with Handel, caused the latter to withdraw, and thenceforth to devote himself to oratorio. In Spain Farinelli's voice lightened the melancholia of Philip V. He be- came a great power at Court, and continued such until 1750, when Charles III. banished him. He built himself a palace in Bologna (1761), and there lived in royal luxury. Sachi wrote a Vita del Cav. Dim Curio Broschi, dctto Farinclli (Venice, 1784). FARINI, fa-re'nc, Luigi Carlo (1812-66). An Italian statesman and historian, whose name stands next to those of Garibaldi and Cavour in the long struggle for United Italy. He was born at Russi, near Ravenna, graduated in medicine at Bologna twenty years later, and for a time prac- ticed successfully as a physician. His share in the revolutionary movement of 1843 forced him, however, to leave the Roman States and live in exile in France, until the granting of the amnesty which followed shortly after the accession of Pius IX. In 1847 he entered the Liberal Cabinet as general secretary to Gaetano Rossi, the Min- ister of the Interior, and later became director general of the sanitary department. After the i niaiion of Rossi, (lie flight of the Pope to Gaeta, ami the proclamation of tin- Republic at Rome. Farini withdrew lo Tuscany, and upon the occupation of Rome by the French, made liis home in Piedmont, where lie devoted him- self to literary pursuits. He founded the sa- tirical journal La Frusta, to support the Ministry of D'Azeglio, and became attached to the staff of Cavour's Hisorgimento, but still had time during these years to write his most noted work, Lo stato romano dall' anna 1811, fin al 1850 (1853), which made him widely known as a clear-sighted historian, and which has been translated into English under the su- perintendence of Gladstone (1859). Having be- come a citizen of Piedmont, he was elected Deputy to the Legislature, and in 1851 became Minister of Public Instruction in D'Azeglio's Cabinet, resigning the following year. In 1859 he was sent to Modena as royal commissary, was there proclaimed Dictator, and in 1860 exerted his influence in Parma, Bologna, and Florence, in favor of a united Italy under Victor Emmanuel. In 1860 he became Minister of the Interior in Cavour's new Cabinet. Later he accompanied the King to Naples, and remained there as civil gov- ernor. L T pon the downfall of Rattazzi's Ministry in 1862, he was asked to form a new Ministry, but was soon after forced to retire, owing to failing health. His mind became affected, and he died August 1, 1866, near Genoa. Besides the Roman State above mentioned. Farini wrote a continua- tion of Botta's Italian history, Storia d'ltalia dall' anno 1811, fine ai nostri giomi (1854-59). For further details of Farini's life, consult : Ber- sezio, in Contemporanei Italiani (Turin, 1860) ; Mauri, in Scritli biographichi (Florence, 187s . and Finali, in Nuova Antologia (Florence, 187S'. FAR JEON, far'jon. Benjamin Leopold ( c. 1 836- 1903). An English author, born in London. He early went toAustralia, where for a time he worked in the gold-diggings. Subsequently he proceeded to New Zealand, where he wrote his first book, Shadows on the Snow, and assisted in establishing at Dunedin the Otago Daily Times, the first daily journal published in the colony. LTpon his return to London he worked as a dramatist, and in 1870 won his first success in prose fiction with tlrif In 1877 he gave public readings in the United States from his story Blade-o'-Grass (1871). Other works of his are: Joshua Marvel (1872) , London's Heart (1874); The House of White Shadows (1884); Samuel Boyd of Catchpolt Square (1899); and The Mesmerists (1900). His skill in the development of the intricacies of a melodramatic plot has been likened to thav of Wilkie Collins. His works have been trans- lated info Spanish, Italian, French, and German. F AEXEY, James Lewis ( 1823-85 ). An Eng. li-li author. He was horn in Dublin, and was educated at Trinity College in that city. Upon the formation of the Ottoman Bank in Turkey he was appointed chief accountant of I lie Bei- rut branch, which had been established by him. In 1860 he became accountant general of the State Bank of Turkey, Constantinople, which afterwards became incorporated with the Im- perial Ottoman Bank, lie did much to establish pleasant relation-, between England ami the Le- vant, and in March, 1870, was appointed consul at Bristol by the Sultan. His numerous works on the Orient include: 7Heo Years in Syria i L858) : 77.. Druses and thr Maronites (1861) ; The Resources of Turkey (1863) : Turkey (1866) : Egypt, Cyprus, m,. I I star to Turkey (1S7S| ; ami . u Bulgaria (1880).