Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/504

* FANO. -104 FANTI. has a second story, added in honor of Constan- tine, to whom it nas rededicated in the fourth century. Fano has a lyceum, a gymnasium, an orphan asylum, an industrial school, and a once famous theatre, and is a centre of silk and fishing industries. Clement VIII. was born here in 1536, and in 1514 the first printing-press with Arabic type was set up here at the cost of Julius II. Population, in 1901 (commune), 24,848. FAN PALM. A loose term applied to certain species of palm, distinguished from the pinnate- leaved species, such as the date ( Phoenix), by hav- ing fan-like leaves. Among the commoner fan palms are various species of Corypha, Chamaerops, Sabal, and Trachycarpus. FANSAGA, fan-sa'ga. Cosimo (1591-1678). An Italian painter, sculptor, and architect, born in Bergamo. He was the pupil of Pietro Bernini in Rome, and lived chiefly in Naples. His nu- merous works in that city include the Fountain of Medina, the Cloister and Refectory of San Severino, the fagade of Santa Teresa delli Scalzi and of Saint Francis Xavier, and the two obelisks of Saint Januarius and Saint Dominic. Al- though certain of his own works are effective, despite their overloading of ornament and bizarre combinations, his pupils and followers only car- ried on his exaggerations. FAN'SHAWE. A novel by Nathaniel Haw- thorne, the author's maiden effort, published anonymously in 1826 at his own expense. It failed to attract attention and he suppressed it afterwards, yet it forms part of the late editions of his works. FANSHAWE, Sir Riciiard (1608-66). An English diplomat and author, born in Hertford- shire. He entered Jesus College, Cambridge, and in 1626 began the study of law in the Inner Temple. He spent several years in travel upon the Continent, and in 1635 he began his diplo- matic career, accompanying Lord Aston, the Eng- lish Ambassador, to Spain as his secretary. He was a zealous Royalist, and joined the army of Charles I. early in the Civil War. In 1648 he became treasurer of the navy under Prince Rupert, and afterwards joined Prince Charles in Holland. His early service in Madrid procured him the position of special envoy to the King of Spain in 1650, for the purpose of obtaining pecuniary aid for the royal cause, but his mission was unsuccessful. He followed Prince Charles to Scotland as his secretary, anl was with him at the battle of Worcester (September 3, 1651), where he was taken prisoner. He was released on parole and remained in England until 1658, when he again joined Charles II. on the Continent, returning with him at the Rest mat ion. In 1(162 lie was made Minister to Portugal, and in 1603 wa9 transferred to Madrid, but was recalled in 1666. He never left Madrid, as he was taken ill and died a few days after turning over his position to his successor, Lord Sandwich. The literary work of Fanshawe consists largely of translations and poetry. Probably his best known work is The Pastor Fido (1647). a trans- lation from the Italian of Guarini. llis other writings include a translation in Spenserian stanzas of Vergil's ,-F.ncid, book iv.; a transla- tion of the Odes of Horace (1652); The Lusiad (1665), an historical poem, translated from the Portuguese of Camocns; La Fiiln Pastora (1658), a translation into Latin verse of Fletcher's Faith- ful Shepherdess; and Querer por solo querer (1671), a dramatic romance in three acts, from the Spanish. He was the author of some original English poems of considerable merit, which have never been published together. His Letters were collected and published in 1702. Consult the Mi mow by his wife (London, 1829). FAN-SHELL. A scallop (Pecten) ; so called from its shape and radiating ridges. FANTAIL. (1) A breed of domestic doves. See Pigeon, and Plate of Pigeons. (2) One of the small fly-catchers of India and Australasia, of the genus Rhipidura. These have long tails of loose feathers, which they 'fan out' prettily by a sidewise flirting movement as they dodge about in pursuit of insects. They are familiars of every rural garden, sing much at night, and build exquisite nests. Some 50 species are known, scat- tered from New Zealand to the Himalayas. (3) A warbler {('isticola schoenicola) of the Mediter- ranean basin, remarkable for the beautiful nest it builds in the form of a basket attached to up- right stalks of grass, and filled with a cup of cottony material, and for the great variety in the coloring of its eggs. The term 'fan-tailed' has been used by sys- temists as a name for all birds except Archav opteryx, that is the Euornithes (q.v.), because the concentration of the caudal vertebra" into a pygostyle gives the tail-feathers a typically fan- like shape; hence Dr. Theodore Gill's term Eu- rhipidura'. as an equivalent of Euornithes. FAN'TAN (Chinese fan, number of times + tan, apportion). A gambling game, very popular in China. In the American game a pack of 52 cards is used. The deal starts by cutting the cards. Ace high deals. The cards are then dealt to the left, one at a time. As many as eight persons may play. The cards remaining at the finish of the deal are dealt face down to the centre of the table. The first player at the left of the dealer must have an ace to play, in which event he plays the ace to the centre of the table. Having no ace, he must ante the amount agreed upon (usually 5 cents or less) to the centre of the table, and draw one of the re- maining cards. Thus the game proceeds until an ace can be played, after which the different stacks of cards are built up consecutively to the king. The first player ridding himself of his cards wins the pot. Failure to play a card in turn is punished by a fine equal to the amount of the ante for every card remaining in all of the play- ers' hands. FANTASIA, It. pron. fan'ta-ze'a (It., fancy). (1) In music, a composition somewhat free in form, as opposed to the strict form of the fugue or sonata. (2) An improvisation (q.v.). (3) The fantasia, also free fantasia, that part of a movement in sonata form which follows the first or exposition section. It is also called 'develop- ment section,' because the themes used in the first section are here more fully developed. (See Sonata.) 14) In the seventeenth and eigh- teenth centuries the term fantasia was applied to a composition in which a theme was developed in free imitation (q.v.). FANTI, or FANTEE, fan-te' or fiin'te. For- merly a sepai ate African Slate, now a part, of the British (odd Coast Colony, situated on the coast south of Ashanti. The Fantis, who are closely