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* FANNIERE. 453 FANO. in elaboration and delicacy is compared to that done in Renaissance times. Among their master- pieces are two shields, one representing incidents from Orlando Furioso, and the other "Flora." Augustc was a member of the Legion of Honor. FAN'NIN, James VV. (c.1800-36). An Ameri- can soldier. He was born in Georgia, and re- moved to Texas in 1834. In the Texan War of Independence he raised a company known as the 'Brazos Volunteers,' which formed part of Gen- eral Austin's army. After the fall of the Alamo, Fannin received orders from Houston to blow up the fort at Goliad and fall back to Victoria. He delayed his retreat for some time in order to collect the women and children of the neighbor- hood, and finally setting out 350 strong, was overtaken and attacked, on March 19, 1836. on the banks of Coleto Creek, by General Urrea and 1200 Mexican troops. After a two days' battle, in which the Mexicans lost between 300 and 400 in killed and wounded, and the Texans only about 70, Fannin surrendered, on the condition that his troops should be paroled. Instead of being freed, they were taken back to Goliad as prisoners, where, on March 27th, in accordance with orders from Santa Anna, in the absence of General Urrea, they were all shot down in cold blood, with the exception of two surgeons, the women, and a few men who escaped after being fired upon. FAN'NING, Edmund (1737-1818). An Ameri- can soldier, prominent as a partisan leader on the side of the Loyalists during the Revolutionary War. He was born on Long Island. N. Y., gradu- ated at Yale in 1757, and soon afterwards re- moved to Hillsborough, N. C., where he practiced law, held various positions of minor importance, and was elected to the Legislature of the Colony. As recorder of deeds for Orange County, he made himself exceedingly unpopular with the colonists, and was charged with having, by his abuses and his vicious administration, done much to cause the uprising of the Regulators, who virtually drove him from North Carolina. He acted for a time as private secretary to his father- in-law, Governor Tryon (q.v. ), in New York, and in 1774 was appointed Surveyor-General by the British Government. In 1777 he organized in New York a corps of 460 Loyalists, which, under the name 'Associated Loyalists,' or the 'King's American Regiment,' took an active part in the partisan warfare in the Northern Depart- ment. A short time before the close of the war he removed to Nova Scotia, where in 1783 he became a Councilor and Lieutenant-Governor, and subsequently was Lieutenant-Governor of the island of Saint John from 1787 to 1709. and of Prince Edward Island from 1799 to 1804. By successive promotions he became a lieutenant- general in the British Army in 1799, and a gen- eral in 1808. FANNING, John Thomas (1837—). An American civil and hydraulic engineer. He was born at Norwich, Conn., and received an academic education. He served in a Connecticut regiment in the Civil War, and attained the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel. As an engineer he planned many public water-works in various parts of New Eng- land. In 1885 he made a report on the improve- ment of hydraulic power on the Mississippi River at Minneapolis, Minn., and in the following year was appointed chief engineer of the Saint An- thony Falls Water-Power Company. He prepared a comprehensive plan ior the drainage of 3000 square miles of the hard-wheat land in the val ley of the Reel River of the North, ami con- structed i lie great dam. the public water-works, and the elect rio-light plant of Austin, Tex. The large water-powers on the Missouri River, at Great Falls and Helena. Mont., on the Spokani River, at Spokane. Wash., were also developed by Fanning, lie was also associated as consult- ing engineer with several of the leading rail- road companies of the West. His principal pub- lication is A Treatise on Hydraulio and Water Supply Engineering ( 14th ed. 1899). FANNING ISLANDS (named from Edmund Fanning, who discovered the islands in 1798). A group of small islands in the Pacific, scattered about a segment of the equator, lying between longitudes ']r>7°and 163° W. (Map: World, West cm Hemisphere, J 5). The area of the group is about 260 square miles, and the chief islands are Christmas, Fanning, Jarvis, Washington, and Palmyra. Since 1SS8 they have belonged t< > Great Britain. The population is estimated at 200. FANTJIUS STRABO, Gaius. A Roman his- torian and orator, introduced by Cicero as one of the speakers in his works. /(. Amicitia and De Republica. He was a son-in-law of Ladius. During the Third Punic War he served in Africa under Scipio Afrieanus (B.C. 149-46), and, ac- cording to his own statement, as preserved by Plutarch {Tib. Gracoh., 4). was one of the first to mount the walls of Carthage in the capture of that city. He owed his celebrity in literature chiefly to his History, which treated of contem- porary events, and was one of the earliest his- tories written in Latin. Cicero mentions an abridgment of it by M. Brutus. For the extant fragments, consult: Peter, Eistoricorum Roma- norum Fragmenta. (Leipzig, 1883) ; Gerlach, llrnchiclitschi-ribcr der Homer I Stuttgart, 1855) ; and Hirschfeld, "Die Annales des Cicero Fan- nius." in Wiener Studien (Vienna, 1879). This Fannius is frequently confounded with C. Ean- nius Strabo, who was consul in B.C. 122. FANNY. The heroine of Fielding's novel Joseph Andrews. She is a maid-servant, the sweetheart of the title character, and accompanies him in his adventurous journeys along English highways. FANNY, Lord. A nickname given to John, Baron Hervey, because of his affected manners. FANO, fii'n6 (Lat. Fanum Fortunce, from the temple of Fortune erected here by the Romans to commemorate the defeat of Hasdrubal, q.v.). A city in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, Italy, on the Adriatic, 29 miles northwest of Aneona (Map: Italy, H 4). It is surrounded by ancient walls and a moat, and a modern statue of For- tune on the public fountain indicates the origin of the name. The sea bathing is excellent, but as the once famous harbor is choked with mud and sand, the shipping is conducted through a canal leading from the Metauro to the Adriatic. The Cathedral of San Fortunato has a thirteenth-cen- tury portal, a chapel with frescoes by Domeni- ehino, and a Madonna with two saints by Carracci. In other churches are an enthroned Madonna (1497) by Perugino, a Madonna by Giovanni Santi. an Annunciation by Guido Reni. frescoes by Viviani, and "Sanf Angelo Custode," by Guer- cino, which is the subject of Robert Browning's "The Guardian Angel." The Arch of Augustus