Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/494

* FALLING BODIES. 444 FALLOUX. ity (see Gravitation) fall or move toward its centre. The action follows from the attraction which the earth exerts on matter, and the ac- celeration which is thus produced is a uniform quantity for any one point — an average value being about 32.2 feet or 981 centimeters per sec- ond, though the precise quantity depends on the position on the earth's surface. This quantity it is usual to denote by g ; therefore, if we let t represent the time and v the velocity, the velocity produced at the end of any period is v = gt. The experimental verification of the laws of fall- ing bodies can be accomplished with the aid of Atwood's machine; and under that title' will be found a description of the apparatus and its methods of use. together with the results which can be obtained with it. The article Gravita- tion, which gives a complete explanation of the phenomena of freely falling bodies, and also Ac- celeration and Mechanics, should be read in this connection. FALLING SICKNESS. See Epilepsy. FALLMERAYEK, fal'me-rl'er, Jakob Phi- lipp (1790-1801). A German traveler and histo- rian, born at Tsehotsch. in the Tyrol. After studying at Brixen, Salzburg, and Landshut, he was appointed to the chair of history and philology at Landshut. In 1S31 he accompanied the Russian general Count Ostermann-Tolstoy in a journey to the East. On returning he re- sided with this nobleman until IS40 at Geneva, and in the course of the next eight years twice revisited the East. In 1848 he was appointed professor of history in the University of Munich, and for a short time he sat as a Deputy in the Frankfort Parliament, but after 1850 he lived privately in Munich. Fallmerayer was a distin- guished polyglot. His opinion concerning the Slavic origin of the modern Greeks, and of their language, excited a great controversy. His prin- cipal winks are: Geschichte der Kaisertumx Trapezunt (1831); Gesrliirlitr drr Halbinsel Mi, mi im littt latter (1830-30); and Fragmente (ins ./« hi Din nt ( 1S45) . FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER, The. A short story by Edgar Allan Poe, which ap- peared in the Gentleman's Magazine about 1840. One of the most noted of his tales, it is a grue- some mixture of madness, death, and ruin. The hero, Roderick Usher, is found almost deranged with his dying sister. She is buried alive. Usher dies of the shock, and the bouse falls in ruins during a tempest. FALLOTIAN TUBES (so called after Fallo- pio (q.v. ). who is usually) but incorrectly, re ga riled as their discoverer i, or OVIDUCTS. Canals about four or live inches in length in the human body, opening at their inner extremity into the upper angle of the uterus or womb, and at the other end. l>y a fringed funnel-shaped ter in i ii at ion. into the cavitj of the peritoneum. This fringed or fimbriated extremity at certain periods grasps the ovary, and receives 1 1 vum, which is discharged by the rupture of the Graafian vesicle, (See OVABY.) The ouin Usually paSS6S along the fallopian tubes into the uterus, where it i either impregnated by contact with one or more spermatozoa, is absorbed, or escapes with the Somel i iii.- , however, the ovum imcs noi only impregnated, bul retained an I further developed, in the Fallopian tubes, thus giving rise to one of the forms of extra-uterine pregnancy. FALLOPIO, fal-lo'pe-G, or FALLCPIUS, Gabriel le (e.1523-62). An Italian anatomist, bora at or near Modena. If the date of birth assigned is correct, he was only twenty-five when he was promoted from the University of Fer- rara to a professorship at Pisa, whence, after a few years, he was called to Padua, to succeed Vesalius (q.v.), who had been compelled by the Inquisition to resign his office. Tomassini states that Fallopius was born in 1490. He is classed, with Vesalius and Eustachio, as one of the founders of modern anatomy. He was succeeded by his favorite pupil, Fabricius ab Aquapen- dente. He published numerous works in various de- partments of medicine, of which the most impor- tant is his Observationes Anatomicce, in Libros Quinque Digesice (1801), in which he corrects many errors into which his predecessor, Vesalius. had fallen. He was the first to describe with accu- racy the ethmoid and sphenoid bones, and the mi- nute structure of the ear (the canal along which the facial nerve passes, after leaving the auditory, is -till known as the aqueduct of Fallopius), the muscles of the soft palate, and the villi and valvules conniventes of the small intestine. The tubes passing from the ovary on either side to the uterus which bear his name were known to and accurately described by Herophilus and Rufus of Ephcsus, 300 years before our era ; hut Fallopius discovered their function. In addi- tion to his anatomical fame, he had a consider- able reputation as a botanist. He was the super- intendent of the botanical garden at Padua; and a "onus of plants. Fallopia, has been named after him. A complete edition of his works, in four folio volumes, was published in 1600. FALLOUX, fa'loo', Alfred Frederic Pierre, Count de (1811-86). A French author and statesman, born at Angers, in the Department of Maine-et-Loire. Falloux first drew attention to himself by two works characterized by admira- tion of the old Bourbon regime — L'histovre de Louis XVI. (Paris, 1S40), and L'histoire de Saint Pie V. (Paris, 18S4). In the elections of 1846 he was chosen Deputy for the Department of Maine-et-Loire. In politics he was a Legitimist. and a fervent supporter of the Clerical Party. After the revolution of 1848 he urged the abolition of the national workshops, advo- cated the dispatch of the Papal relict ex- pedition (1849), and as a Minister of Instruc- tion under Louis Napoleon, formulated an educa- tional law, greatly favoring the clergy. After the coup d'etat he retired to his estates. He became an Academician in 1856. Between 18ii(i and 1870 he unsuccessfully sought to reenter poli- tics. After the war with Germany his views became somewhat more liberal; but this cost him the loss of all his friends in the Conservative Part) and all his influence. Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote: l.i parti catholique (Pari 1856); Souvenirs de charit6 (Paris. 1857) : Madame Swetchine, sa vie ei ses oeuvres (Paris, I860); La question italienne (Paris, 1860); Questions monarchiques (Paris. 1873). His memoirs were published under the title, Vi'iiiiiii, .•; ,1'uii royaliste (Paris, 18S7). Consult Yonillol. /.r ciniitr ilr I'alloux et ses memoircs I Paris. 1SSS).