Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/488

* FALCONRY. FALERII. by the gyrfalcon and peregrine: the second by. the i.nvk and sparrow-hawk; and though for cer- tain purposes the male is superior, as a rule the females of each species are much more highly es- teemed for sporting purposes, from their being larger and more powerful. 'Long-winged' hawks nay also, as a rule, be distinguished from the 'short-winged,' by their having a 'tooth' or notch on the upper mandible; from the second feather of the wing being either longer or as long as the third; and from their impetuous 'stoop' when they descend from a height on their prey. The gyrfalcon (q.v. ) is the largest species, but the peregrine is in greatest favor with falconers, and if taken from the nest, as i- usually the case, and carefully trained, affords great sport. No hawk is fit for sporting purposes until it has undergone a careful process of training. The young hawk taken from the nest of its wild >1 condition she i- enseamed; when out of condition, seamed. Alending the feathers arti- ficially — a necessary operation if am hat accidentally broken — is termed Imping; blunting bill and talons, coping. The cadge is a frame ■ i wood with four legs, carried by means of straps passed over t lie bearer's (the cadger's) shoulders, am] used when there are several casts of hawks to lie taken to the field. Falcons are very pug nacious, and if not kept separate would soon kill each other. The screen or pt rch is a perch guarded by a falling piece of canvas to support the hawks in ease of their leaping down from their block; upon this the hawks are placed at night in an apartment called the mews. Bibliography. The best of the older works are those of Turberville, published in 1575, and that of Sir John Sebright (London, 1828). For more recent treatises consult: Salvin and Brod- ANCIENT FALCONRY. (From an old manuscript in the British Museum.) parent is more easily trained than that which has been trapped in a wild state when at ma- turity. Inn in either case considerable practice is necessary before the falcon can be considered fully equipped for the sport. The following are the principal terms used in falconry: A falcon's legs from the thigh to the foot are termed units; Iocs, petty singles; claws, pounces; wings, sails; fail, train: crop, gorge; lower stomach, pannel; feathers, hair, etc.. ejected at the mouth, the cast- ings. A young hawk from the nesl is an eyess or eyas; one that can hop. but not fly well, a brancher; a nestling hawk, reared at liberty, is a hack-hawk; a young hawk able to take game, a soar-hawk; a mature wild hawk is a haggard or bills In, a I;; young hawks taken in their migra- tion are passage hawks or red hawks — the term red being applied merelj as a title of distinction between the young hawk and (lie eyess or nest- ling, the colors of the two being in reality the same. The training of the passage hawk and mi i- termed reclaiming; fluttering is bait- ■111 ire: viih each other, crabbing; sleeping, jouking. The prej is termed the quarry. When the hawk strikes her quarry in the air and clings to it In' !'• he <' I)' wit h it she carries, when she plucks it she deplumes. Dead game is ■ ping '<r swooping is the act of de ■• with closed wings from a height at the prey. Direct flight, without Boaring, in oni bird to another, me flies into a cover it puts in. When tin hawk i ing her feathers she ■ her fir-t moll he i mewed; with complete plu nmed; when erick, Falconry in the British Isles (London, 1S73) ; Freeman and Salvin, Falconry, Its ('limns and Practice (London, 1859) ; Freeman, Practi- cal Falconry (London, 1369). FALEME, fa-la'ma. An important tributary of the Senegal River, in western Africa, rising in the French dependency of Futa-Jallon and flowing into the Senegal from the south (Map: Africa, C 3 ) . The direction of its course is a little west of north, and its length is estimated at about 300 miles. FALERII, fa-le'ri-I. A city in the southern part of Etruria, west of the Tiber and the Sabini and north of Mount Soracte. The inscriptions show- that its inhabitants, the Falisci, were not Etruscans, but closely allied to the Latins. In the early Unman annals Falerii appears as allied with the Veii and other neighboring enemies of Home, but was said to have finally joined th° Roman league in B.C. 343. For some unknown reason it revolted at the close of the First Punic War, B.C. 241, and was then destroyed by the Romans, who compelled the inhabitants to settle in the plain near by, where is now the village OJ Santa Maria ili Fallen. Here a Roman colony • .a settled in the time of the triumvirs, whence (lie place took the name of Colonia Junonia Fa- Uscorum. But Ibis Roman Falerii does not ap' pear in have ever acquired any importance, for the temple which anciently attracted so many pilgrims stood on the site of the older town. ■ the Middle Ages the inhabitants removed to the strung position of the ancient falerii, which finally obtained the name of Civita Castel"