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* FAIRBANKS. 128 FAIRFAX. Society. He became professor of natural philos- ophy at .Dartmouth College in 1859, and con- tinued in the position until 1808. In 1809 he received a patent for a scale for weighing grain, and subsequently perfected and patented thirty- lour additional inventions of various kinds. He was the first president, under the new constitu- tion, of the Convention of Congregational Min- isters and Churches in Vermont, and afterwards became president of the Vermont Domestic Mis- sionary Society. FAIRBANKS, Thaddeus (1796-1886). An American manufacturer and inventor, born at Brimfield, Mass. In 1824 he entered into part- nership with his brother Erastus, under the style of Erastus and Thaddeus Fairbanks, in the manu- facture of stoves and plows, the patterns for which were planned and made by Thaddeus. He patented a cast-iron plow in 1820, and in 1831 a hemp-dresser. Foreseeing the difficulty of weighing the hemp-straw, the only scale then in use being the even balance and the Roman steel- yard, he constructed a platform scale on which an entire load could be weighed at one time. Thenceforth the brothers devoted themselves ex- clusively to the manufacture of scales in great variety, from the most delicate instruments for the use of chemists and jewelers to those for railroad tracks and canal weighlocks. Mr. Fair- banks planned and constructed his own shops and invented the machinery employed in them. He received the grant for his last patent on his ninetieth birthday. He founded and liberally supported Saint Johnsbury Academy, his con- tributions to that institution having aggregated about $200,000. FAIR'BURY. A city and the county-seat of Jefferson County, Neb., 57 miles south by west of Lincoln ; on the Little Blue River, and on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, and other rail- roads (Map: Nebraska. G 3). Its has good water-power, and various manufactures and an extensive nursery. Population, in 1890. 2630; in 1900, 3140. FAIR'CHIXD, Charles Stebbins (1842—). An American lawyer and financier, born at Caze- novia, N. V. He graduated at Harvard in 1863 and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He was Attorney -General of New York from ISTti to 1878, from 1885 to 18S7 was Assistant Secre- tary of the Treasury, and from 1887 to 1889 was Secretary of the Treasury in Cleveland's first Cabinet, succeeding Daniel Manning. lie was a member of the Monetary Commission appoint- ed by the Indianapolis Monetary Conference in 1897". FAIRCHILD, George Thompson! 1838 L901 ). An American agricultural scientist and educator. He was born at Brownhelm, Lorain County, Ohio: graduated in 1862 at Oberlin College and in 1865 at Oberlin Theological ha and from 1865 to 1879 was pn i ■ it English literature al the Michigan Agricul- tural College (Lansing). From 1879 to 1897 he was president of the Kansas Agricultural d'arfhattan), and in 1898 he became
 * i i i Berea College (Kentucky); and

1 i h In erat ure in thai inst il ut ion He wa ordained in 1871 to the ministry of the rial < hurch. In 1897 he was elected president of the American Association of Agri- cultural Colleges, and in 1900 published Rural Wealth and Welfare. FAIRCHILD, James Harris ( 1817-1902). An American clergyman and educator, born at Stork- bridge, Mass. He graduated at Oberlin College (Oberlin, Ohio) in 1838, was appointed a tutor there in the same year, and was ordained to the ministry in 1841. He was professor of lan- guages at Oberlin in 1842-47, professor of mathe- matics in 1847-58, and professor of moral phi- losophy and theology in 1858-66. From 18C6 until his resignation in 1889 he was president of the college. He became professor oi theology in the Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1898, and later professor emeritus. His publications in- clude: Oberlin: The Colony and the College, and a text-book of Moral Philosophy (1809). FAIRCHILD, Lucks (1831-96). An Ameri- can soldier. He was born at Franklin Mills, Ohio ; removed to Madison, Wis., in 1846 ; spent six years (1849-55) in California; then returned to Madison, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was made captain of the Second Wiscon- sin Volunteers, and subsequently became its colo- nel and a captain in the regular army, resigning both commissions in 1863. At Bull Run he commanded the famous 'Iron Brigade,' and at Gettysburg was severely wounded while leading a charge at Seminary Ridge. In 1863 he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, but resigned in the same year. Afterwards he served for three terms as Governor of Wisconsin, was appointed Consul at Liverpool in 1872. and Con- sul-General at Paris in 1878, and was Minister to Spain from 1880 to 1S82. In 1886 he was elected Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. FAIR'FAX, Donald McNeill ( 1822— ). An American naval officer, a member of the famous Fairfax family of Virginia. He became a mid- shipman in the United States Navy in 1837, and served under Dupont on the Pacific Coast during the Mexican War. He was promoted lieutenant in 1851 and commander in 1802. He commanded the Cayuga, of the Gulf Squadron, under Farra- gut. in 1802, and in 1S03 was transferred to the South Atlantic Squadron, in which he successive- ly commanded the Xantucket and the Mont auk in the attacks of Dupont and Dahlgren on Charleston. In 1864-65 he was placed in com- ni.iiid of the Naval Academy. He attained the rank of captain in 1800, of commodore in 1873, and of rear-admiral in 1880, retiring in 1885. FAIRFAX, Edwasd (M635). An English author, best known as (he translator of the Qeru- salemme Liberata of Tasso. He was horn at Leeds, Yorkshire, and lived as a scholar and writer, chiefly at Fuiston, in the same county, lie wrote twelve eclogues, of which two have been published, and also, it is said, a History <//' Edward, the Black Prince, never printed. His rendering of Tasso appeared in 1600, a-- Godfrey of Bulloigne; <<?- '/" Recoverie of Jerusalem. It is in pentameter verse, and continues to be the best English version. It was edited, in two volumes, by S, Y. Singer, in 1 s 1 7 . FAIRFAX, Thomas, third Lord Fairfax i 101.171 i. An English Parliamentary general, better known as sir Thomas Fairfax, flic son of Sir Ferdinando (afterwards second Lord) fair-