Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/471

* FAGGING. 4 23 FAHLMANN. in u Ms master's punisl nt. Those services which a lower boy owes to the whole of the upper boys are summed up in attendance at the games. In the cricket season, fags stand behind the wickets to stop the hulls while I heir seniors are practicing; and at all season, they are liable to the task of waiting attendance on the racket- players, and retrieving the halls which have been "sieved' out "i the court. No boy, however, is liable to an imposition really menial. All eases of difficulty arising out of fagging are within the jurisdiction of the head boy in the house, or the 'head of the scl 1, and are sell led by reference to the one or the other. Consult Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days (Cambridge, 1 s.">7 ) . FAGGOT- WORM. A Ceylonese bagworm [Eumeta Carmerii), whose pupa-case resembles a bundle id' small faggots. It occurs on the cof- fee-bushes, and l he natives say that they repre- sent the souls of dead men and women, who in life were persistent thieves of firewood, and are thus punished. FAGIN, fa'gin. The Jew in Dickens's Oliver Twist, a receiver of stolen goods, who trains up a gang of thieves and pickpockets. He abducts Oliver Twist, and is finally condemned to death for murder. FA'GIUS (Latinization of his German name Biichlein), Paul (1504-49). A German divine, and Hebraic scholar. He was horn at Rheinza- bern in the Palatinate. After completing his academic studies at Heidelberg, he removed to Strassburg, where he was a pupil of Wolfgang Capito, the famous Hebraist. In 1537 he became pastor at Isne. where also he received instruc- tion in Hebrew from the rabbi, Elias Levita, whom he had induced to come from Venice to assist him in his studies. He established a He- brew printing-press, and published many works of interest to Oriental scholars. His reputation as a Hebraist in 1542 secured for him invita- tions to the chair of Hebrew at Strassburg, Con- stance, and Marburg, and after holding professor- ships in these cities he went to Heidelberg in 1546 to aid the party of the Reformation in the university. After his deposition in 1549 because of his refusal to obey the Interim, he was invited by Archbishop Cranmer to come to England, where he died soon after his arrival at Cam- bridge. He published D. Kimchi's Commentary to the First Ten Psalms (154.1) ; editions of the Sayings of the Fathers and of the books Sirach and Tobias, together with a Latin commentary (1541-42) : a Latin translation and exegesis of the Targum of Onkelos (1540) ; an exegetie work on the first four chapteTS of Genesis (1542) ; a Hebrew Grammar (1543); and an elementary text-book for the use of his pupils. FAGNANI. fa-nya'ne, Joseph (1819-73). An Italian painter. He was born in Naples, Italy; studied in Vienna and Paris, and came to the United States with Sir Henry Bulwer in 1849. He made portraits of a large number of public characters, among them Victor Emmanuel, Abdul Aziz, Garibaldi, the Empress Eugenie, and All Pasha, and painted a series of portraits of the most beautiful women of New York, called "The Nine Muses," which are now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. His work was popu- lar in his day. hut is of mediocre quality and lias no enduring value. FAGOTIN, fa'gd'tfiN'. A monkey, famous in Paris for his cleverness in the days of Moliere, and frequently mentioned in the literature of thai time. FAGTJET, fa'ga', Emile (1847—). A French critic, journalist, and literary historian. Jlis La tragi cKi fransai • an 2 I /■ eii cle I I £ is the best treatise on the subject; his Etudes Uttiraires on the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centurie and his Polir tiques ei moralistes du XIX. siecle (1891-1901;, contain learned yet popular essays of great value, and his dramatic criticisms contributed to /•■ Soleil and collected in an extending erii -. he theatre eontemporain (1880), are brilliant. He is editor of a series of Classiques populaires, and author of a popular literary history, La littera- iinr frangaisi (1901), and of ProbUmes po- 6tiques du temps present (1901). He was chosen member of the French Academy in 1901. FA'GUS. See Beech. FAHA'KA. A globefish ( Tetraodon fahaka) of the Nile delta. FA HIEN, fa he-en'. A Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler. He was a native of Chang-au, in the Province of Shen-si. During the years A.D. 399-414 he traveled extensively in India, Khotan (Yu-than), and Tibet in company with Hui King and other Chinese pilgrims. From Khotan he journeyed through Kashmir, Kabul, Kandahar, and the Punjab, to Central India, which he reached in a.d. 405, after six years of wandering. He remained in India for six years, and then went to Ceylon, from there to Java, and he arrived at his home in China once more in a.d. 415. After his return he wrote an account of his travels, called Fo-kue-ki, or story of the Buddhist countries. This journal is concise, and chiefly taken up with a description of the sacred spots" and objects of the Buddhist faith, which was at that time the dominant religion in India. The narrative ha- been translated into French by Remusat I Paris, 1836) : and into English by Beal (London, 2d ed. 1S84), Giles (Shanghai, 1877), and Legge (Oxford, 1886). FAHLCRANTZ. fal'krants, Christian Erik (1790-1866). A Swedish poet and. theologian, born at Stora Tuna (Province of Dalarne). He wrote several long poems and some controversial works. From 1839 to 1852 he published, with the collaboration of Knos and Almqvist, an Eccles- iastical Journal. In 1849 he was made Bishop of Westeras. His most important work is Noach'a Ark (1825-26), a humorous and satirical poem. Besides this may he mentioned Ansgarius (1835- 46). The collected works of Fahlerantz have been published under the title E. Fahlerantz: Samlade Skrifter (Oerebro, 1863-66). FAHLCRANTZ, Karl Johax (1774-1861). A Swedish landscape painter, brother of the pre- ceeding, born at Stora Tuna. He was a pupil of P. Ljienz, and studied much directly from north- ern scenery, which he depicted with great effect. His manner was spacious, devoted rather to general impressions than to a faithful rendering of detail. Among his paintings are "The Legend of Frithjof," and "Donare Waterfall." FAHLMANN, fal'man, Friedrich Robert ( 1800-50 ) . A Russian philologist. He was born in Esthonia. and studied medicine and philologj Dorpat. where in 1S42 he became lecturer on the