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* FABRICIUS. 413 FABRICIUS. FABRICIUS, t'a hrish'iis. GAIUS FaBBICIUS I.i'siims. A Roman general and statesman of the fourth and third centuries u.c, whu became for later ages a model of incorruptibility. In 2S2 he wan consul, and a^ain in 27S. He com- manded in the war against Pyrrhus (q.v.), and when, after the defeat, of the Romans ai Eeraclea in 2Sti, he was sent to I real for the ransoming of the prisoners, Pyrrhus sought to bribe him in order to gain a favorable peace, Fabricius scorned the bribe, and made such an impression on the King that the Roman prisoners were im- mediately released. On another occasion the physician of Pyrrhus offered to Fabricius to poison liis master; but the upright Roman sent information of the treachery to the King, where- upon Pyrrhus again released all his Roman prisoners, in order not to fall behind in this contest of generosity. In ii T t > Fabricius was cen- sor, together with Quintus .Emilius Papus, and a- such carried out with great rigor the old Roman sumptuary laws. FABRICIUS (GoLDSCiiMiD), Geokg (1516- 71). A German scholar and Neo-Latin poet, born in Chemnitz, Saxony. He became rector of the College of Meissen in 1546, and in 1570 was appointed poet-laureate by Maximilian II. He owes his reputation to his Latin poetry, pub- lished in Poematum Sacrorum Libri XV. (1560). He also prepared an edition of the scholia to Horace (1555). He wrote three elaborate works on Human archaeology, Antiquitatum Libri II. (1549), Itinerum Liber Vims (1551), and Roma ( 1551 ) . Consult Baumgarten-Crusius, De Gcorgii Fabrieii Vila <i Scriptis (Meissen, 1839). FABRICIUS, or FABRIZIO, fa-bre'tse-o, Gibolamo( 1537-1610). An Italian anatomist and surgeon, commonly named, from his birthplace, Fabricius ab Aquapendente. He was the son of humble parents, who sent him to the University of Padua, where, in addition to the usual instruc- tion of the classics, he studied anatomy and sur- gery under Fallopius. On the death of the latter, in 1562. Fabricius was appointed to fill the vacant professorship. He continued to hold this office for nearly half a century, during which period his high reputation for eloquence, gen- eral and professional knowledge, attracted Students from all parts of the civilized world to Padua. Among these students was Harvey (q.v.), who derived from Fabricius's observations on the valves of the veins the first clue to his great discovery of the circulation of the blood. Fabricius was a most laborious student of com- parative anatomy, from the standpoint of which he treated the eye, the larynx, the ear. the in- testinal canal, the development of the fo?tus. and many other subjects. The improvements which his knowledge of anatomy enabled him to intro- duce into the practice of surgery were very great; and his Opera Chirurgica (1617), which embraced every complaint curable by manual operation, passed through seventeen editions. The Venetian Republic erected for him a spacious anatomical amphitheatre, gave him an annual stipend of a thousand crowns, and created him a knight of the Order of Saint Mark. FABRICIUS, Hildanus, properly YVilhelm Fabry (1560-1634). A German surgeon. He was horn at Hilden, near Dhsseldorf, and was educated at Cologne. After practicing at Lau- sanne and at Payerne (Canton of Waadt) he be- came physician of the city of Bern, where bis great renown as a teacher and operator attrai ted students from all parts of Europe. Besides his work Observationum ■ ' Curationum Ohirurgica- niiii Centuria (Lyons, Kill), be wrote /'■ '.«/»- grcena ei Sphacelo (1693); Lithotomia Vesica i L626) : and i be i real ise enl itled fi ui ■ B< • bung dei Fiirtrefflichkeit, Vuti und Votwendig keit der Anatomey (1624), h touragement of the study which he persistently advocated. FABRICIUS, Oer. pron. b. bn-'i ,.■ ,„,-. Jo- iiann Albert (1668-1736). A German scholar, born at Leipzig. He stands preeminent ami scholars for bis two literals synopses, liiblinthi en Latino (1697, revised and improved by Ernesti, Leipzig, 1773), and Bibliotheca Qroeea I 1705-28, revised by Harles, Hamburg, )7'.i0), bis greatest work. He is known among theologians for bis collections of the apocryphal and pseudepigraph- ical literature (1703 and 1713). Consult Mic- ron, AI0moires des homines, vol. xi. (Paris, 1739). FABRICIUS, Johann ( 1 587 c. 1615) . A Ger- man astronomer. He was born in Easl Tries- land, studied medicine at Wittenberg, and was afterwards educated in astronomy by his father, David Fabricius. He appears also to have spent some time in Holland, and to have ob- tained there for his father one of the earliest specimens of the astronomical telescope. In his famous work, Narratio de Uuculis in Sole Ob- srrrutis 'I Apparcnte Carum rum Sole Conver- sione, published at Wittenberg in 1611, he an- nounces his discovery of the solar spots and of the rotation of the sun on its axis. In his lettei - to Marcus Velserius (Markus Welser), not pub lished until 1613, Galileo claims to have discov- ered the solar spots in November, 1610. It is probable, therefore, that the honor of priority remains with Fabricius. FABRICIUS, Johann (1644-1729). A Get man theologian, born at Altorf. near Nurem- berg, and educated at Nuremberg, Helmstedt. and liorf. In 1677 he became professor of the- ology at Altorf. and in KHI7 was called in the same capacity to Helmstedt. In 17(11 he was appointed Abbot of Konigslutter, and in 170.'! Counselor of the Consistory of the Dukedom of Brunswick. On comparative symbolism he wrote Oonsideratio Variarum Controversia/rum i Atheis, OentiKbus Judwis, Mohammedanis, 8oci- anis, Anabaptistis, Pontificiis, Reformatis I 1704 ; abridged ed., 1715), which so incensed the strict Lutherans that Fabricius was bitterly attacked on all sides. His Gutachten (1704), in which ho most decidedly recommended the Princess Eliza- beth Christine of Brunswick to embrace Cathol- icism, in order to be married to Charles of Spain (afterwards the Emperor Charles VI.), caused great scandal, and brought about the dismissal of Fabricius from the university. FABRICIUS, Johann Christian (1743- 1808). A German entomologist, born at Ton- dern in Schleswig. He studied at Copenhagen. Leyden, Edinburgh. Freiberg in Saxony, and Upsala, where he was a pupil of Linneeus. In 1775 he became professor of natural history at the University of Kiel. He developed a system for the classification of insects, based upon the structure of the mouth-parts, which had an im- portant influence upon the development of the science. His principal works are: Systema En-