Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/460

* FABRE D'EGLANTINE. 412 FABRICIUS. on I'aristocrate (1701), and Les prdcepteurs, a posthumous comedy (1799). He was an ardent Revolutionist, a friend of Danton and Desmoulins and president of the Cordeliers. Sent as a Deputy to the Convention, he voted for the death of the" King. He was accused of corruption by his enemies and of moderation by Robespierre, and with Danton and Desmoulins was condemned and executed. FABRETTI, fa-bret'te, Ariodante (1S16-94). An Italian antiquary. He was born at Perugia, and became professor of archasologj in the Uni- versity of Turin, in 1800. and director of the Mii-rum of Antiquities there in 1868. He was the author of Corpus Inscriptionum Italicarwm Antiquioris .Kri i 1867), and many works on the history and antiquities of Perugia. He was made a Senator of Italy in 1889. FABRETTI, Raffaele (1618-1700). A dis- tinguished Italian antiquary and archaeologist, born at Urbino. While a student of law
 * ii Rome he was attracted to the study of

the ancient ruins., and from that time devoted himself, as far as possible, to classical and anti- quarian research. Under Pope Alexander VII. he became treasurer and subsequently auditor to the Papal Embassy at Madrid. After thirteen years at Madrid he returned to Rome, taking advantage of his journey through Spain and France to become acquainted with the Roman remains of those countries. He was there made judge. Later, after a short residence at the Papal Legation in Urbino, lie returned once more to Rome, and devoted himself to his favorite pur- suits until he was appointed by Innocent XII. keeper of the Papal Archives of the Castle of Saint Angelo — a post of great responsibility, which he held till his death', in 1700. His more important works are: De Aquis ei Aquce Ducti- btts Veteris Rodkc, in Grsevius, Thesaurus, vol. iv. (1680); De Oolumna Traiani Syntagma (1683; 'id ed. 1700). containing also a discus sion of the so-called Tabula lliaca; and Inscrip- tionum Antiquarum Explicatio (1699). Sis col lection of inscriptions and monuments is depos- it i ,1 in the Ducal Palace of Urbino. FABRI, fiilire, Felix ( German name, Schmid) I ' 1502). A German monk and author. He was lector in the Dominican monastery in I 1 in. and made two in;iL-.s to the Holy Land, the firsl to Jerusalem (1480), and the second (1483), upon which lie had entered as chaplain to Johann von Waldburg, i<> Jerusalem and Mount Sinai, ami thence by way of Cairo and leandria to Venice, where he arrived January 8. 1484. fler his re- turn to rim he published an aci a of this tour, which is probably the most important work of the kind thai appeared during the hitter pari of the Middle Age-.. The German version was published in Feyrabend's Reyssbuch dess heiligt » I. amis (Frankfort, 1584), the Latin version in the Uibliothek des litterarischen Vereins (Stuttgart. I'm. FABRI, Fitn-tiiiH'ii (1824-91). A German theologian ami promoter of colonization. He was born it Schweinfurt, ami was educated at Er- langen and Berlin. After holding several pas- torates lie un- appointed director of the Mission- arj i Ba i men in 1857. He retained this post until 1884, when he retired to Godesberg-on the I :h inc. where he developed a bent ficent activity president "i the Gvangi lical Society for the German Protestants in America. He became pro- fessor at Bonn in 1889, and attracted attention by his writings on Germany's colonial policy, of which the most important are Bedarj Deutsckland der Kolonii nf (3d ed. 1884) ; Fiinf Jahre deut- scher Kolonialpolitik (1889). His other literary works include: Brief e gegen den Materialismus (2d ed. 1864) ; Die Entstehung des Heidentums inn! die Aufgabe der Heidenmission ( 1859) ; Die politisohe Lage und die Zulcunft </< r evangeli schen Kirche in Deutschland (3d ed. 1874); Staa-t und Kirche (3d ed. 1872). FABRIANO, ia'bre-a'no. A city in central Italy, at the foot of the Apennines, 44 miles southwest of Ancona (Map: Italy, G 4). In the city hall and in several churches and private houses are paintings by the local school of which i. entile da Fabriano (1370-1451) was the head. The paper and gunpowder manufactories of the city have been famous since the fourteenth cen- tury. The chief trade is in grain and cattle. Population of commune, in 1901, 21,006. FABRIANO, Gentile da. See (i entile da Fabriano. FABRICE, fa-bres', Georg Friedrich Alfred, Count (1818-91). A German soldier and states- man, born at Quesnoy-sur-Deule. France. In 1S34 he entered the cavalry service of Saxony, and by 1865 had become chief of the General Staff, with rank of major-general. When Sax- ony joined Austria against Prussia in 1866. he was appointed chief of staff to the Crown Prince Albert, commander of the forces of Saxony in Bohemia. After the war, in October of that year, he became Minister of War of Saxony, lie acted as the representative of Saxony in the negotiation of the military convention with Prussia, and re- organized the Army of Saxony, after the Prus- sian type, as the Twelfth Army Corps of the Army of the North German Confederation. He took a prominent part in the Franco-German War, and in 1871, after the preliminaries at Versailles, which he largely conducted, he wa- in command of the German army of occupation in France, and later in the same year was a second time appointed Minister of War of Sax- ony. He became Prime Minister of the Kingdom and Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1876. Consult Hit I rich. General run Fabriec (Dresden. 1884). FABRICIAN (fa-brlsh'on) BRIDGE. A -tone bridge at Rome, joining the island of l'-cn lapius with the left bank of the Tiber, built by Lucius Fabricius in b.c. 62, to replace a wooden bridge dating from about B.C. 102. It is the only ancient Roman bridge that has endured. Of its four arches, one i- hidden by the modern em- bankment. It is now the Ponte Quattro Capi. FABRICIUS, fa-bre'lseoos. DAVID (1564- 1017). A German theologian and astronomer, bom at Esens, F.ast Friesland. In 1584 he be came pastor at Resterliaave. and in 1603 at Os- feel, where on May 7. 1017. he was murdered by a peasant, whom ho had accused from the pulpit of theft. The variable star Mira. in the constel- lation Cetij was discovered by him. August :i, 1596; and his astronomical and meteorological observations were of service to Kepler in the investigation of the planet Mars. In 1895 ■' monument was erected to his memory in the ehurchj aid of i Isteel.