Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/456

* F FThe sixth letter and fourth conso- nant in the Grreco-Roman alphabet. The Phoenicians called the letter ran (or wau). This has usually been supposed to mean a nail or peg. As the Hebrew is the only Semitic tongue in which van occurs as a word, it is prob- able that the name of this letter was not origin- ally a word, but merely the sound of « or «>. Its form is derived from the f (a semi-vowel) found in the earliest Greek inscriptions, called digamma, from a fancied resemblance to a pair of gammas. See Alphabet ; Letters. Phonetic Character. F is pronounced by join- ing the lower lip and the upper teeth, and it is a labio-dental voiceless aspirate. Its corresponding voiced labiodental is v. Latin f was practically the same sound as English f, and was not like the Greek , which was distinctly a double soimd (p + h), pronounced as in top-heavy. Under certain circumstances f may take the place of any of the mutes. Original bh, gh, and dh (in Eng- lish 6, g, d) may be represented by Latin f, as Skt. bharati 'he bears,' Cat. fert, Eng. bears, Skt. gharmas, Lat. formus, Eng. warm. English f represents (1) an original p: Skt. pita/r, Eng. father; Skt. pada, Eng. footj(2) a guttural: Lat. quatuor, Eng. four; Lat. quinque, Eng. five. The pronunciation of gutturals has a tendency to lapse into the easier sound; cf. cough, laugh, pronounced as if spelt with an /'. Anglo-Saxon / sometimes disappears in modern English, e.g. i< if -limn, ; i tk 1 hlaford, now unman and lord. As a Symbol. I'', in music, i the fourth note of the natural diatonic scale of C, and stands in the treble clef in the first space or in the fifth line; in flic bass clef it stands on the fourth line or in the first space below. In chem- istry F = fluorine. F as an abbreviation stands for 40; with a bar above I-' it is io.i FA'BELL, I'i in:. personage born and bur- ied ;it Edmonton, Middlesex, England, mentioned as having died during the reign of Henry VII. i i is:, 1509) II was s : ii,i t,, have sold his soul to the devil, and after him is named the chief 'i'i 1 '! in the once popular play Tht U, i, y !>■ • til ■ i ■iloii. FABER, f;ii..T, Cecilia Bohl von, See I i BALI • V FA'BER. I m m ii. i Wiii i wt (1814 63). English prelate. He was born :il Calverley, Eng- udied mI Balliol Colli gi ,Os ford, h here of John Henry Newman, and was ordained priest in 1839. After some years spent in traveling on the Continent he became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church, and founded a religious community at Birmingham. This community was ultimately merged in the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, of which Newman was the head, and in 1849 a branch was established in London, over which Faber presided till his death. He published a number of theological works, but it is mainly as a writer of fervent and graceful hymns that In will be remembered. He wrote "O Gift of Gifts, Grace of Faith," "Paradise, O Para disc,'' and other familiar hymns. FABER, fa'ber, Frederik (1795-1828). A Danish zoologist. He was born at Odense, on the island of Fiinen, and graduated in law in 1818. From early youth he displayed a great interest in zoology, and published bis first book on that subject in 1815, under the title. Indledning til Dyrelasren til Brug red dm Naturhistoriske Un- dervisning. From 1819 to 1821 he traveled through Iceland, and he published bis investiga- tions in a work of permanent value, entitled TJi her das Leben der hochnordischen Ybgel Islands (1825-26). His other works include Prodromus islandischer Ornithologie (1822), with the sup- plement entitled tfachtrag zur islandischen Or- nithologie (1824); Xaturgeschichte der Fische Islands (1829) ; and numerous contributions to Oken's Isis and the periodical entitled Tidsskrif for Naturvidenskaberne. His name has been ap- plied to several zoological species. FA'BER, George Stanley (1773-1854). A learned divine of the Anglican Church. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Faber, and w:is born at Calverley, Yorkshire, October 25, ITT.'i. He entered University College. Oxford, in 1789. In lTIH'i he took his degree of M.A.; was Bampton Lecturer "for 1801, and in 1805 became Vicar of Stockton-on-Tees, Durham. After sev eral changes, he received from Bishop Van Mil dert, in Is:il the mastership of Sherburn Hospi- tal, near the city of Durham, where he died. January 27, 1854. His management of the 1ms pital estates was very judicious and successful. Faber wrote upward Of forty works, several of which enjoyed an extensive popularity, luil have little permi m value. The principal are: The Genius ami Object of the Patriarchal, tin' Lrvit- iial. ami tin- Christian Dispensations (1823); 77,, /),,,,, U Tnfidi hia (ls^n : The Diffi- culties nl Romanism | Is v, ::,l ed, 1853) : The