Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/450

* EYRE. 102 EYTH. eise meaning in England, but was sometimes loosely employed to describe the judges of the King's Bench. Common Pleas, and Exchequer, when on circuit. In Scotland, the chief justiciar, says Erskine, i. 3. ,-. 25. was originally bound to hold yearly two justice courts or 'aires' at Edinburgh and Peebles. This court gradually became fixed at Edinburgh. Besides this court, special 'justice aires' were frequently held in the more remote parts of the country by the Kin,;,' in person, or by judges named bv him, twice in the year — in spring and autumn (St. Robert III., c. 30, 1440 c. 5, 1491, c. 29). These courts were discontinued, but re- vived by Statute of 1587, c. 81. The term is still in use in Scotland, where, at the commencement of every circuit, proclamation is made to the lieges to attend the 'circuit aire.' See CrRcuiT ; Ciria Regis; Court, and the authorities there referred to. EYRE, fir, Edwaed John ( 1815-1901 ). An Eng- lish explorer and colonial governor. He was born in Yorkshire, England, but emigrated to Australia, where he soon became a magistrate, and in 1S42 published Discoveries in Central Australia. For his achievements he was honored by the Royal Geographical Society, and received the appoint- ment of Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand in 1846, and of Saint Vincent in 1854. Two years later he was appointed Governor of Jamaica, where in 1865 he was obliged to use vigorous measures to suppress a negro insurrection. For the execution by court-martial of Gordon, who was thought to be one of the leaders. Eyre was censured and recalled on the ground that he had acted without sufficient evidence. On his return be was prosecuted for murder by a committee, of which John Stuart Mill was the most prominent member; but the charge was eventually dis- missed. In 1874 he retired from public service. EYRE, Sir James (1734-99). An English judge, the son of Rev. Thomas Eyre, prebendary of Salisbury. lie was born at Wells, Somerset- shire, in 1734 : became a scholar of Winchester in 17 17. and a student of Saint John's College, Oxford, in 1749. At t he age of nineteen, with- out waiting to take his degree, he went to Lon- don, and commenced the study of law, being called to the bar in 1755. A few years later he became Counsel to the Corporation of London, and in 1763 was made Recorder. In the same year he gained a great reputation through the skill and eloquence with which he conducted the famous suit of Wilkes vs. Wood, in which he successfully attacked t lie unconstitutional prac- tice of the Government in issuing general search- warrants. (State Trials, xix.. 1154.) Eyre was knighted and made a Baron of Exchequer in 1772, became Chief Baron in 1 7S7. and in 17'.':'. was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. In the latter capacity he presided at the famous State trials of Hardy, Home Tooke, and others, for I rea onablc con- spiracy, which resulted in the acquittal of the prisoners. For a short time, between the resigna- tion of Lord Chancellor Thurlow, on June 15, 1792, and the accession of Lord Loughborough to the Chancellorship on January 21. 1793. Chief Justin- Eyre held the highest judicial position in ief < lommissioner of t he i (real Seal, judge, he displayed the high- est legal and judicial qualities. Though not. pro- foundly learned, he was well versed in the com- mon law, and his patience, tact, and ingenuity, combined with an extraordinary power of sifting evidence and a luminous style, made him oni oj the ornaments of the English bench. He died July 1, 1799. See Howell's State Trials, xix., 1154-55; xxiv., 199; xxv., 2, 748 (London, 1809- 26) ; Foss, Lives of the Judges of England ( 1848- C-H. EYRE, Jane. See Jane Etbe. EYRE, Sir Robert (1666-1735). An English judge, son of Sir Samuel Eyre of Newhouse, Wiltshire, who was himself a judge of the King's Bench. Robert was born in 1666. entered Lin- coln's Inn in 1683, and was admitted to the bar in 1689. Seven years later he became Recorder of Salisbury, and from 1698 to 1710 represented that borough in Parliament. In 1707 he became Queen's counsel and the next year was appointed Solicitor-General. In that capacity it fell to his lot to conduct the celebrated Sacheverell case. He was made a justice of the Queen's Bench in 1710, and had knighthood conferred upon him. He became Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer in 1723, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1725. Having been accused of official miscon- duct in connection with a case of malfeasance tried before him. his conduct was investigated by a committee of the House of Commons, which completely exonerated him. He was the intimate friend and associate of the great men of his time, and wielded considerable influence at Court, but he never attained to the first rank among English judges. He died in 1735. Consult: Howell's State Trials, xv., xvii. (London. 1809- 26) ; Burnet. History of His Own Time (London, 1723-34) ; Foss, Lives of the Judges of England (London, 1848-64). EYTELWEIN, I'tel-vin, Johann Albert (1764-1848). A German engineer, born in Frank- fort-on-the-Main. He was appointed director of the architectural school in Berlin, upon the open- ing of that institution in 1799. He conducted the hydraulic operations for the improvement of navigation on the Warthe, Weichsel, Oder, and Niemen ; built the harbor-extensions of Memel, Pillau. and Swinemiinde; determined the bound- aries of the Rhine Province; and established a system of weights and measures for Prussia. His principal works are the following: Praktische Vnweisung zur Bauart dcr Faschinenwerke an FUlssen und Stromen (2d ed.. 1818) ; Ver- gleiohung tier in den preussischen Staaten einge- fiilirhn Masse und Gewiehte (2d ed., 1810); Eandbuch der Statistik fester KSrper (2d ed., 1832); Eandbuch der Hydrostatih (1826). EYTH, It. Max (1836—). A German engi- neer and author, born at Kirchheim-unter-Teck. In 1861 he became engineer in Fowler's manufac- tory of agricultural implements at Leeds, for which he traveled extensively abroad. He was chief engineer of Ealim Pasha from 1863 to 1866, during which years the steam plow was intro- duced into Egypt. He was one of the founders of the German Agricultural Society. His principal works include: Das Agrikulturivcsen in Aegypten (1867); Steam Cable Towing (1868); Das Was sir iw alien und neuen legypten (isult; Wan- derbuch fines Tngenieurs: In Briefen (1871 84), an interesting illustrated description of his travels; l ,,llin, ir (3d ed.. 1876), a historical poem; Monch und Lamdsknecht (2d ed., 1886).