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* EYLATJ. 4U1 EYRE. ■ ' tinst the Russian centre, but was met with a terrific cannon fire, and was almost annihilated. For a time the centre of the French army was threatened, and to save the day, Murat's cavalry was hurled against the advancing forces of the Russians. They drove back the Russian cavalry, broke through the first two lines of infantry, but recoiled before the third, and could only regain their position by cutting their waj through the lines of the enemy which had formed again be- hind them. Davout finally struck the enemy's left and succeeded in driving them from their position, and it seemed as if in spile of delay Mih-on's plan would be carried oul after all. Bui at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Lestocq, who had succeeded in escaping from Ney, arrived on the battlefield with 5500 men, and passing ill the rear of the entire liussian army, assailed Da- vout with his fresh troops. Davout's forces were slowlj pushed back from the most ad- vanced of the positions they had captured, but both sides were soon too exhausted to do more than hold each other in check. Late at night, Ney arrived ou the field, too late to bring victory to the French, but still in time to prevent a defeat which might have resulted from a concerted move on the part of the Russians. The num- bers engaged were about 70.000 on either side. The losses -were 18,000 for the Russians and Prussians, and somewhat more for the French. Against the advice of his lieutenants, Bennigsen retreated during the night., leaving the French masters of the field. Direct results the battle had none, and Eylau has passed into history as a huge, profitless carnage. Indirectly, however, it strengthened the enemies of Napoleon, by breaking the charm of his seeming invincibility. EYMER'ICTJS, Nicolas (1320-99). A Span- ish theologian. He was born at Gerona, Cata- lonia, and entered the Dominican Order in 1334. rising to the rank of Grand Inquisitor, chap- lain of Pope Gregory XI., and judge of heretics, in 1356. He lived successively in Aragon and Avignon, where he enjoyed the fullest confidence of Clement VI. and his successor, Benedict XIII. He was considered the greatest canonist of his time, and wrote the famous Directorium Inquisi- torum (1303), which laid down the regulative maxim.-, subsequently followed by Torquemada. EYNARD, a'niir'. Jean Gabriel (1775-1863). A French banker known for his interest in the cause of Greek independence. He was born at Lyons, and settled at Geneva in 1810, after ac- cumulating a great fortune in mercantile pur- suits at Genoa, Italy. He was the Ambassador of the Republic of Geneva to the Congress of Vienna, and in 1816 was appointed to assist in or- ganizing the administration of Tuscany. He also served as the delegate of Tuscany at the Congre of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818. In 1821 he became one of the foremost advocates of Greek independ- ence, and for his services was naturalized as a Greek citizen. As he did not succeed in neg< tiating a loan for the Revolutionary Government in Paris and London, he personally contributed 700.000 francs. After Conducting a sort of reli gious and political crusade throughout western Europe in behalf of the Greeks, he was largely instrumental in securing the throne of Greece Otho of Bavaria. His fortune of about sixty mil- lion francs was bequeathed largely to charitable enterprises. His principal publications are Lettres et documents officiels rclatifs aux divers ev&ne- mriih; ill- (,'rrrr (1831), and Vie de la baronmc Krudener (1840). EYRA, ft'ra (South American name). re markahle rat, {litis eyra) of eastern South America, Central America, and Mexico. It is about the size of the domestic cat, but its legs are much shorter, and its body, neck, and la-ad so slender and elongated as to present a striking similarity in form to a civet, increased by the extraordinary length and thickness of its tail. The pupil of the eye is round, the car-, rounded, and the muzzle compressed. The fur is soft, of a uniform reddish yellow or chest nut color, with a whitish spot on each side of the Upper lip and on the chin. It is most common in Brazil and Paraguay, but is known as far north as the borders of the United States. This is the cat to which the name represented by our word cougar (see Cougar) was first applied; and it. is known in .Mexico as 'apache.' It seems easily capable of domestication, since the few specimens kevpt in zoological gardens have quickly become gentle and playful, and sometimes have been at liberty about the buildings; and it is therefore sometimes adopted into the homes of the South Americans. but is likely to be mischievous to poultry. Eyras are expert hunters for small mammals and birds. Consult: Azara, Historia Natural de los Pajaros del Paraguay, etc. (Madrid. 1805); Alston, '•.Mammals," in Biologia Centralis Americana (London, 1879); Tegetmeier, "The Eyra Cat at the Zoological Gardens," in The Field (London, 1888). See Plate of Wild Cats with Cat. EYRE, ar. A large salt lake in the northwest of South Australia, about 550 miles north of Ade- laide, reached at Stuart Creek Station by the railroad from Adelaide to Oodnadatta. It con- sists of two extensive and shallow sheets of water, known as Lake Eyre, North and South, covering an area of about 4000 square miles, and connected by a narrow channel. There is no outlet : in the rainy season its principal feeders are the Diamantina, the Warburton, and the Truer or Macunda. EYRE, ar (Scottish variants also air, aire, from AF. eire, OF. erre, oire, journey, from Lat. iter, road), or Eire, Justices in (corrup- tion of Lat. in itinere). Itinerant, or, as we should say, circuit judges. By this term, both in England and Scotland, were the judges of -i/.e (q.v.) formerly designated. Justices in < 3 re were first established in England by Henry (I., in the sixteenth year of his reign (1170). The inconveniences and the frequent denials of justice resulting from the infrequeney and irregu- larity of the royal progresses, at which justice was dispensed by the Curia Regis, throughout the kingdom, called for the institution of a dif- it system. Accordingly, Henry appointed twelve justices to perambulate all the counties of England regularly, and to hear on the spot the complaints of his subjects. The number of these itinerant judg - was in 1176 increased to 18, and at Hie Grand Council at Windsor in 1179, to 20.' The subsequent rapid development of the' regular common law courts which resulted from the divi- sion of He I ui ia Regis and the institution of cir- cuits regularly held by these, gradually threw the courts of the justices in eyre into the shade. They came to be regarded as of inferior position and authority, and in 1335 ceased to be ap- pointed. Thereafter the expression had no pre-