Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/440

EXTRATERRITORIALITY. based on the legal fiction that such privileged persons carry with them the laws of their own country, the residence of an ambassador or the deck of a man-of-war being regarded as a part .il of the country whose flag they fly. See TERRITORIALITY.

EXTRAV AGAN'TES CON'STITTJ'TIO'NES (Lat., extravagant constitutions). Papal constitutions of John XXII. and some of his sucirs, supplemental to the 'Corpus Juris Canonid." They got their name from the faet that they were not arranged in order with the other constitutions, but were 'outside wanderers' from the general code.

EXTRAV AGAN'ZA (It., extravagance). A musical or dramatic piece of great wildness or absurdity) characterized by extravagant and fan- tastic qualities. The term is often applied to any extravagant piece of writing, such as Thackeray's Novels by Eminent Hu>ids.

EXTRAV ASA'TION (from JIL. extravasa tus, extravasated, from Lat. extra, beyond + vas, vessel). The escape of any of the fluids of the living body from their proper vessels through a rupture or injury in their walls. Excrementi- tious matter thus sometimes escapes into the abdomen through a wound or ulceration of the bowels. But the term is oftenest used in speak- ing of the escape of blood from injured blood-ves- sels. Extravasation is distinguished from exuda- tion by this, that in the last the vessels remain i mire," and the effusion takes place by filtration through their walls: nor does more than a part of the blood so escape, the blood-globules being retained, while in extravasation entire blood is effused. Many kinds of extravasation are rapidly fatal, such as that of urine or of gall into the abdomen, or of blood from the vessels of the brain in many cases of apoplexy. The dark color re- sulting from a bruise is owing to extravasated blood from lacerated capillaries.

EXTREME UNCTION (Lat. extrema unc- Ho). A sacrament of the Roman Catholic Church, which, as the other sacraments supply spiritual aid in the various circumstances of life, is be- lieved to impart to the Christian grace and strength to encounter the struggle, as well spir- itual as bodily, of the dying hour. The rite of unction or anointing in different form- is com- mon to several of the sacraments; the name 'ex- treme' is given to that of the present sacrament because ii is reserved for the last act of the Chris- tian career. The Council of Trent declares this sacrament, although 'promulgated' in the well- known passage of Saint .lames v. 14. 15, to have been 'instituted' by < 'hrist. The fathers fre- quently allude to the rite of unction, and al- though ni;in of these allusions certainly refer to the unctions of baptism and confirmation, yet Catholics rely on several passages of Origen, Chrysostom, Cajsarius of Aries, and I'ope [nno- cenl I. as decisive regarding the unction of the dyii 1 1 o upon the fad thai in the various ii.. churches of Oriental Christians — Greek, Coptic, Armenian, and Nestorian — the rile is found, although with many ceremonial variations, in the Roman Catholic Church the I is administered by the priest, who. "dipping hi- thumb in the holy oil, anoints the person, in the form of the cross, upon the e. mouth, hands, and feet, ai each anointing making use of ibis form of prayer: ’Through this holy unction, and His most tender mercy, may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins thou hast committed by thy sight. Amen.'" And so of the hearing and the rest, adapting the form to the several senses. Extreme unction is re- puted by Catholics one of the sacraments 'of the living': that is. it ordinarily requires that the recipient should be in a state of grace, or, in other words, should have received the re- mission of his sins by absolution or by perfect contrition; but it is held to remit, indirectly, actual sins not previously remitted, and also (although not infallibly, but according to the merciful designs of Providence) to alleviate, and even to dispel, the pains of bodily disease. The holy oil which forms the 'matter' of this sacra- ment must be blessed by the bishop — a ceremony which is performed with great solemnity once each year by the bishop, attended by a number of priests, on Maundy Thursday. The oil so blessed is reserved for use during the year. Formerly several priests united in the administration of the sacrament, and the custom is still maintained in the Greek Church; among Roman Catholics one priest now administers it. The Greek form of words also differs, although not substantially, from that of the Latin Church. The Greeks call this sacrament 'the holy oil,' and sometimes 'the oil of prayer.' Consult: Schanz. Die Lehre von (leu heiliyrn fincruniciitrn i Frei- burg, 1893) ; Schmitz. Dc Effeetibus Sacramenti Extrema Unctionis (Freiburg, 1893). See Unc- tion.

EXTJMAS, eks-oT/nu'iz. An archipelago in the British West Indies, part of the Bahamas (q.v. ), between Andros and Long Island (Map: West In- dies, J 3). It comprises the islands of Great Exuma, Little Exuma, and the Exuma Keys, occu- pying a total area of about 100 square miles. Little Exuma has one of the best harbors in the Bahama group. The inhabitants are employed partly in agriculture, but chiefly in salt-making. The population of the group is estimated at 2300.

EYAS, i'as. See Falconry.

EYBE, ilie, Albreciit von (1420-75). A Ger- man writer, born in Franconia. He studied at Pavia. became Archdeacon of Wlirzburg in 1449, and later entered the service of Pope Pius II. His work on marriage, entitled Ehestandsbucli (1472), has frequently been reprinted. The most recent editions are those of K. Mfiller ( Sondershausen, 1879) and Herrmann (Berlin. 1890).

EYCK, Ik, Huyrreciit (Hubert), (e.1370- 1426), and Jan (John), van (c.1390-1440). Brothers, Flemish painters, founders of the schools of painting of the Netherlands and in Germany. Their fame rests upon two of the greatest services to modern art that it is possible to conceive — namely, the invention of an im- proved technique of oil painting, which caused its universal adoption, and the introduction of mil uralism into modern art. The Van Eycks first mixed their colors upon the palette, obtaining clear, transparent lines — a proceeding so advan- tageous that it was speedily introduced into the Netherlands, into Germany, and into Italy. But even more important was the introduction of mil uralism into modern art. Before their time paint- ing had been conventional; architecture was used as a decoration only, and there were practically no landscapes. The Van Eycks were the lir-t to