Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/36

* EMBOLISM. 22 EMBROIDERY. recognized cause of apoplexy (q.v.), with subse- quent paralysis. Consult Cohnheim, Leber em- bolische Prozesse. See Thrombosis. EMBOSSING (Fr. embosser, from en, in + bosse, hump, bump, OHG. bozo, tuft, from bozan, Ger. bossen, to beat I. rhe art of producing tig- ures in relief upon various substances, including paper, leather, wood, and metals. This is usually effected by pressing the substances into a die. the kind of d'ie and mode of applying being modified by the nature of the design and of the material to be embossed. (For the stamping of sheet metal, see Dies and Die Sinking.) Embossing of metal, however, may also be done by hand by beating up the metal from the under side, in which Vase the process is called repousse" work. Paper and cardboard are embossed with dies in a similar manner, but the dies are frequently of brass, sometimes of copper electrically depos- ited and suitably backed. The counter-die is commonly made of soft metal, card, or millboard, pressed into the metal intaglio die until a sharp -inn is produced. The paper or card is well damped, and a fly-press is generally used. The leather or cloth for bookbinding is embossed in this manner, the counter-die being usually made by gluing several pieces of millboard to- gether, and gluing them to the upper bed of the press, then stamping these into the lower die until a perfect impression is obtained. The em- ig press designated for impressing the medal- lion upon postage envelopes is a very elaborate and beautiful machine, which inks the die itself, and with the aid of two operatives to place and remove the envelopes embosses sixty envelopes in a minute. When large surfaces of textile fabrics, such as table-covers, etc., have to be embossed, the fabric is compressed between rollers, one be- ing of metal upon which the device is sunk like the counter-roller or bed-cylinder is of paper covered with felt ; this yields sufficiently to allow the fabric to he pressed into the die- eylinder. A third smooth metal roller is com- monly used to press oui again the impression made upon the bed-cylinder; this acts upon the bed-cylinder on the side from which the fabric emerges. Paper i- sometimes embossed in this manm i ; and the Matting roller may be dispensed with if the cylinders are sufficiently accurate in their diameters for the pattern always t<> fall on the same place at each successivi revolution. i .1 in high relief for ornamental • ■- i- sometimes stamped with dies of type- metal or electrically deposited copper, the leather having tir-t been softened in water. Several methods have been invented for embossing wood. Sometimes hoi molds are pressed upon the wel which burn in the pattern, the charcoal afterward i ed. I n i achinea ire used instead "t I imps, the ' ied and passed between the rolls hot. In another method the wood is pressed and rubbed with a blunt instrument, the surface i .mi. depl h is madi | if the wood be ni I in water i he depre ed portion w h iginal e el. I talj t he il are to lie t i 1 1 : 1 1 1 in i rubbed down, 'I he re^i of the gui nid the oh n ed pari to • i II bai k to thi ibI level ai in r. I the plant in needlework is effected by embroidering over figures padded with wool felt or other material. EMBOWED, em-bod'. The heraldic term for anything which is bent like a bow. A sinister arm couped at the shoulder is embowed. When the arm is turned the reverse way it is said to be counter-embowed. EMBRACERY ( from OF. embraser, embracer, Fr. embraser, to kindle, from en, in + braise, live coals, from Dan. brase, to fry, Icel. brasa, to harden by fire) . The criminal ofl'ense of attempt- ing to influence improperly a juror in a civil or criminal action or proceeding, or one sum- moned as a juror, or an arbitrator, or a referee in respect to his verdict, award, or decision. Any means of swaying his judgment other than evi- dence or argument in open court is deemed im- proper. Henee a juror who attempts corrupt ly to influence his fellow jurymen commits this offense. As the gist of the crime is the attempt, it is not necessary that a juror, arbitrator, or referee be actually affected by the criminal's acts, nor that a verdict or decision be rendered in accordance with the improper solicitation. It is generally spoken of as a common-law misde- meanor, although it has been dealt with by stat- ute in England since 1360, and is defined bv statutes in this country. As a crime against public justice it is recognized everywhere as a heinous offense, and is punishable by fine or im- prisonment. Consult the authorities referred to under Criminal Law. EMBRASURE ( Fr. embrasure, from OF. embraser, to skew, from en, in + braser, to skew). A term in military fortification (q.v.) used to denote openings or spaces in fortified buildings, works, or other defenses which per- mit the free firing of artillery and at the same time afford shelter for the gunners. EMBROIDERY (from embroider, OF. cm- brodrr, from en, in + broder, border, to border, broider, from bord, edge, hem). The art of producing, by means of needle and thread, orna- mental designs upon cloth or other fabric. The term embroidery is always applied to a completed fabric, and the art is thus distinguished from the kindred arts of tapestry and lace-making, in which the ornament is part of the structure of the material. Historical Development. Embroidery in its crudest form is one of the oldest of the decorative arts. Tt was probably applied to skins before the art of spinning and weaving had been devel Oped, and almost as s ( „,n as the use of the needle and thong for joining together skin garments was developed. Vmong the primitive tribes of Central Africa the girls embroider skins with figures of flowers and animals, hright shells anil feathers also being used in their decoration. The Lap- lander embroiders upon his reindeer-skin gar- ment with a n lie id' reindeer hone, thread of reindeer sinews, ami applique of strips of hide. The blankei of the early American Indian was commonly ornamented with embroidery, Lmong the earliesi of the civilized nations, the Egyptians and i hr :ni of embroidery was highly developed, as is abundantly testified by the re us which have come down to us. From (he ptiar iii, rev lea rned the art, and (he early books of the Bible contain many descrip tions of embroideries, Ancient Tyre and Sidon were i. Me .11 For the embroidery, as well as other