Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/351

* EUTROPIUS. 303 EVAGRIUS. death is unknown. J I is Breviarium ab I rbe Condita, giving a short narrative of Roman his- tory from the foundation of the city to the time of the Emperor Valens, is written in an ex- tremely simple and pure style, and appears to have been originally intended for the use of, schools. An edition, with enlargements, however, was published by Paul, son of Warncfrid and Theodolinda, generally known as Paulus Di- aconus. Others continued it down to the year 813. The history existed in three distinct forms at the revival of letters. There was first the genuine work of Eutropius in ten hooks; second, the expanded editions of Paul; and third, a very complete but also largely interpolated copy con- tained in the Historia Uiscrlla. The idilio prin- ceps, printed at Rome in 1(71. was from the im- pure text of Paul. The best modern editions are those of Droysen (Berlin, 1879) and Ruehl (Leipzig, 1887). EUTROPIUS (?-39D). Minister of the Em- peror Arcadius. lie was a eunuch and came originally from Armenia. He subsequently be- came attached to the Imperial Court, and gained the favor of his master by bringing about the marriage of the latter with Eudocia, by whom he was installed as the successor of the min- ister Rufinus (395). He was the chief ad- viser of Arcadius, and became notorious for his cruelty and avarice. In 397 he procured the enactment of the law of Arcadius against treason (intended to guard against a popular uprising, and later embodied in the codes of Tlieodosius and Justinian), which provided that in eases of high treason even the children of the accused were to be punished. He was deposed in 399, exiled to the island of Cyprus, and subsequently beheaded. EUTRYCHIANUS, u-trik'i-a'nus. Bishop of Rome, 275-283, as reckoned among the popes. Ho is said to have been a martyr. His day is December 7th. EUTYCHES, u'ti-kez (Lat., from Gk. EMxvs). A monk of the fifth century, archimandrite of a cloister near Constantinople, who in his old age taught views respecting the nature of Christ which were condemned as heretical. He pos- sessed little education, but was fond of doc- trinal controversy, in which the whole Church at that time was engaged. His peculiar teaching was a development of the Alexandrian Chris- tology. He held that two natures, one divine and one human, went to make tip the person of Christ, but that after their union in the incarnation there was only one nature. He was unwilling even to admit that Christ's physical body was like that of ordinary men. Thus his theory tended to dissolve the true humanity in the divinity of Christ. At a synod held at Constantinople in 448, under Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople, Eu- tyches was charged with heresy by Eusebius of Dorylffium, and condemned. Under Alexandrian inlluence the Emperor was persuaded to summon a council which should review the ease of Eu- tyches. This council met at Ephesus in 449, and is known as 'The Robber Synod,' from the riotous character of its proceedings. ( See Ephesus. i loUNCILS OF.) By the aid of armed soldiers and excited monks. Flavian was condemned and Eu- tyches rehabilitated. But the Church at large properly refused to recognize as final the verdict of this disgraceful a embly, and a change in emperors made its reversal politically possible. Under Pulcheria and Marcian the fourth ecu- menical council was held a1 I halcedon (451), and there the doctrine of the two natures in Christ was declared to be an article of the Catholic faith. Eutychianism was again con- demned, and Eutyehes himself, now sevcnly il.i years old, was excommunicated and banished. We hear of him for the last time two year- later, when he was still in exile. Eis followers con- tinued their separate existence for a time, having monasteries of their own, luit were soon lost sight of among the Monophysites Iq.v.). who < posed a large majority of the Eastern church. Sec Leo I., and consult: Eefele, His- tory of ihr Councils, iii. (Eng. trans., London, 1883); llarnack, History of /»'<>/»i". vol. iv. (Eng. trans., London, 1898); Du Hose, The Ecumenical Councils (New York, 1897). EUX'INE (Lat. Euwinus, from Gk. e^eiwis, euxeinos, hospitable, from eS, cu, well + jeiVos, £^ros, tceinos, xenos, stranger). The name ap- plied by the ancients to the Black Sea. H is said to have been called in very early limes the Axenos Pontos, the inhospitable sea, by reason of the roughness of its waters and the wildness of the savage tribes that lived on its borders, but to have had its name changed after the Greek colonies were founded in that region. Pos- sibh', however, we are to explain the name Euxine as a euphemism for Axine. EVA, Little. The childish friend of Uncle Tom in Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Her early death forms the most touching episode of the story. EVAD'NE (Lat., from Gk. EviSnt). The daughter of [phis, King of Argos, celebrated for her love of her husband Capaneus, one of the seven heroes who attacked Thebes. Her husband was struck by the lightning of Zeus as he was scaling the walls of the city, and Evadne was burned alive on his funeral pyre. EVAG'ORAS (Lat,, from Gk. EvaySpas). A king, or despot, of Salamis in Cyprus, a reputed descendant of Teucer. He became king in B.C. 410, and is described as being a just and wise ruler, who aimed to promote the welfare of his people. He cultivated the friendship of the Athenians, and, after the defeat of the Athenians at .Egos- Potami, offered Conon a place of refuge at his Court. Being attacked by the Persians, he allied himself with the Athenians and the Egyptians, but was in the end made tributary prince to the Persians. He was assassinated in B.C. 374, and was followed on the throne by his son Nicocles. EVA'GRIUS (Lat., from Gk. Ehdyptos, Eva- grios) (c.536- ?). An early Church historian, sur- named Scholasticus. lie was born at Epiphania in Coele-Syria in 53fi or 537. He was an advo- cate at Antioeh and the legal adviser of the Patriarch Gregory. The Emperor Tiberius II. made him a quajstor, and Mauritius, the .-on of Tiberius, made him prefect. His influence and reputation at Antioeh were great, and on the occasion of his second marriage he was given a public festival by the citizens. The date of his death is unknown. Evagrius wrote an Ecclesias- tical Iliitoni for the years 431-594. which has value not only for Church history, but also for secular. It is in Migne, Patrologia Grrrrn,