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* EUSTATHIUS. 302 EUTROPIUS. ■writer or novelist of the twelfth century a.d. He seems to have been a native of Parembole in Egypt, and is referred to in the manuscripts of his work ' as chief keeper of the archives there. The novel by him is probably the latest Greek production of its kind known" It consists of eleven books, and is a story of the love of Hysminias and Hysmine I published in the Scriptores Erotici of Le Bas, Paris, 1850; also by Hercher, Leipzig, 1859, and by Hilberg, Vienna, 1876). The style of the novel is somewhat artificial, and the story de- cidedly improbable and of a very sensual char- acter. EXIST ATITJS (u-sta'shi-iis) ISLAND, or Saint Eustache Island (Statia). One of the Lesser Antilles, lying northwest of Saint Christo- pher, belonging to the Dutch (Map: West Indies, Q 6). The chief town is Orangetown. It has an area of seven square miles and a population of about 1500. EUS'TIS, James Piddle (1834-99). An American lawyer and legislator. He was born in Xew Orleans, graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1854. and was admitted to the New Orleans bar in 185(5. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army as judge-advo- cate on the staff's of Generals Magruder and Johnston, and afterwards was one of the com- missioners sent by Louisiana to confer with President Johnson with regard to the 'recon- struction' of that State. He served for several terms in the State Legislature, and was after- wards twice sent to the United States* Senate, serving from 1877 to 1879, and again from 1885 to 1891. From 1879 to 1884 he was professor of civil law in the L T niversity of Louisiana, and from 1893 to 1899, after his second term in the Senate, was United States Minister and first United state- Ambassador to France. ETJSTIS, William (1753-1825). An Ameri- can physician and politician. He was born at Cambridge, Mass.; graduated at Harvard in 1772, and served asa surgeon in the Revolutionary Army. He served two terms in Congress as a Democrat; was Secretary of War in President Madison's Cabinet from "1809 to 1813, and was Minister to Holland from 1814 to 1818. On his return he was again a member of Congress from 1820 to IS- 1 :!, and from 1823 until his death was Governor of Massachusetts. EU'TAW. A town anil the county -eat of Greene County, Ala., about 90 miles southwest of Birmingham, on the Alabama Great Southern Railroad (Map: Alabama. B3). It is the centre oi an agricultural district, Eutaw, established in ]s;js, was named in honor of Genera] Greene's victory at Eutaw Springs in the Revolution. Population, in L890, I 1 15; in 1900, 884. ETJTAW SPRINGS, Battle of. a battle of tlie American Revolution, fought on September 8, 17x1, about 60 miles northwest of Charleston, S. c. between about 2000 Americans under General Greene and about 2300 British under ml Stuart. The battle consisted "f two en hi the first of which, beginning at ni i .i., Greene was victorious; while in md, the British, having rallied, beat off During t he night. however, irl retreated toward Charleston, and Greene iwly pursued. The battle, though tactically hi import ant b( rati gi< t ictory for the Americans, closing, as it did, Greene's famous campaign and compelling the British to shut themselves up in Charleston. The British lost in killed, wounded, and missing about 800 men, the Americans about 535. EUTERPE, u-ter'pe (Lat., from Gk. Evrdprni, very delightful, from c5, eu, well -4- rtpnup, hi prin, to rejoice). One of the nine Muses, the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne. In the spe- cialization of the functions of the Muses, which occurred in Royal times, Euterpe was made guardian of flute-playing, and represented hold- ing a flute. EUTHANASIA, iVtlui-na'zlii-a (Neo-Lat., from Gk. evBavaaia, easy death, from c5, eu, well + edmros, thanatos, death, from daveiv. thanein, to be dead) . An easy death, or a painless method of putting to death. The use of narcotics or other means for shortening life, in disease, has become a subject of .discussion in civilized coun- tries; and it is often a very practical question as to how far such means are admissible for soothing the last hours of life, when the ap- proach of death does not of itself dull the con- sciousness and the sensibility to pain. It must be decided according to all the surrounding cir- cumstances, medical and otherwise, in each in- dividual case. EUTHE'RIA. A subclass of the Mammalia, embracing all mammals except the monotremes {Prototheria). This subclass is characterized by being viviparous, with a small ovum and an allantoic placenta, and by having teats. Whether certain of the most primitive fossil remains, more or less doubtfully attributed to the Mam- malia, are to be placed here or among the Proto- theria. is still a subject of inquiry. Consult Beddard. "Mammalia." in I'limbridpe Xatural History, vol. x. (London, 1902). See Mammalia. EUTHYM'IUS (Lat., from Gk. EiMpuos) ZY- GADENUS (?-e.H18). A Greek monk and scholar. He was highly esteemed by the Emperor Alexis Comnenus, and wrote some very dry theo logical works; the principal one, an enumeration ot all the heresies from Simon the Magician to his own time — IlaroirXla Aoyuarix'/i (first Latin edition in 1555, and an imperfect Greek edition in 17111. His works were printed in Migne, Patrologia Orceca, vols, exxviii. and exxxi. (Paris," 1804). EUTING, oi'tlng. Julius (1839-). A Ger- man Orientalist and epigraphist. He was born at Stuttgart, and studied theology and Oriental languages at Tubingen (1857-62), Paris, London, iiii.l Oxford (after 1864). In 1871 he was ap- pointed chief librarian at the Imperial University
 * iinl (lo eminent Library at Strassburg, and in

1900 was made director of that institution. As a result of his frequent travels in Europe and the Orient, he accumulated a vast number of ancient Semitic inscriptions, chiefly in the form of impressions and drawings, which he gave to the University of Strassburg. [lis publications include: Sechs phonikische Inschriften aus Ida- lion (1875); fabataische Inschriften mis Ant- hi: a (1885); Sinaitische Inschriften (1891). EUTRO'PIUS. Latin historian, concerning whom we know only that he filled the office of secretary to the Emperor Constantine, fought under Julian against the Persians, and was still alive in the reien of Valens. The date of his