Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/348

* EURYPYLTJS. 300 EUSEBIUS. Trojans, and after heroic deeds was slain by Neoptolemus. (3) The son of Euaemon, King of Ormenium, in Thessaly, and one of the suitors of Helen. He went to Troy with forty ships, and received as his share, at the division of the Trojan booty, a chest preserved by Dardanus, which contained an image of Dionysus, the work of Hephaestus himself. On opening the box Eurypylus was struck with madness, for the cure of which the Delphic oracle directed him to dedicate the chest wjiere he should find an un- known form of sacrifice. On his return he found at Aroe, in Achaia. an unusual sacrifice to Arte- mis, consisting of the annual offering of a beau- tiful youth and maiden. Having abolished this worship, he substituted that of Dionysus ^Esym- netes. EURYSTHENES, u-rls'the-nez (Lat., from Gk. Eiyji/fl-ft^s). One of the Heraclida?, the son of Aristodemus. With his twin brother Proeles he received Lacedsemon as his share of the Pelopon- nesus, and ruled at Sparta in conjunction with his brother. Thirty-one kings of Sparta were of his family. ETJRYS'THEUS (Lat,, from Gk. -Evpvadtm). A king of Mycehre, to whose power Heracles was subjected by the craft of Hera and forced to un- dertake the Twelve Labors. Eurystheus was afterwards defeated and killed by Hyllus, the son of Heracles. EUSE'BIAN CANONS. An ancient system of cross-reference to the Gospels, found in very many biblical manuscripts. Long before the modern chapter and verse divisions came into ii-c. a number of systems of t ext division were current. The one most generally used was that of Eusebius, the famous Church historian (c.260- 340). Either adopting or improving the work of Ammonius, an Alexandrian, Eusebius di- vided Matthew into 355 sections, Mark into 236, Luke into 342, and John into 232, the so- called Ammonian Sections, the number of each section being written on the margin of the text. On account of similarity of matter, many sec- tions of one Gospel were nearly or quite identical with others in one or more of the other three. For convenience of reference, Eusebius construct- ed ten tables or lists, called canons. The first contained the numbers of all the sections com- mon to all four Gospels arranged in parallel col- umns. The second, third, and fourth tables gave the sections common to three Gospels. The fifth to the ninth gave those common to two, while the tenth was made up of those contained in but one Gospel. In manuscripts using the system, underneath each section Dumber was written in red ink (he number of (lie canon in which that section might !>c found. For example, the Brsl line of canon i. contained the section numbers h, 2. 7. 10- thai is, the eighth section .if Matthew contained the same matter as the second of Mark, the seventh of Luke, and the lenth ni John. Hence, ..Ti the margin of the tet of Matthew, opposite the eighth section, would he the figures (Greek let- ters belli I. ^ (, indicating thai this sec- found in the lir-f canon, and similarly for all tin- sections in all the Go i" I-. This widely used system was doubtli "i greal convenience in NY. ., ,,i studi. I Ion all Tisehendorf. Prolegomena to the eighth edition of his Greek New Testament (Leipzig, 1884). EUSE'BIXTS (Lat., from Gk. EiV^os) op Cesarea (C.200-C.340). The father of ecclesi- astical history. He was born in Palestine about 260. He took the surname of Pamphili from his friend and teacher, Pamphilus of Caesarea, whom he faithfully attended through his two years' imprisonment (307-09) during the persecution under Maximinus. Pamphilus ultimately met a martyr's death., and Eusebius had to flee for hi- life. He went to Egypt and was imprisoned there. In 313 he succeeded Agapius as Bishop of ('a-sarea. At the Council of Nieaea (325) Euse- bius made the opening address, and was the leader of the semi-Arian or moderate party, who were averse to discussing the nature of the Trin ity and preferred the simplicity of Scripture language to the metaphysical distinctions of either side. He was present at the synods of Antioch (330) and lyre (335), and showed marked Arian leanings. He stood in high favor with Constantine, who, it is said, declared that he was fit to be the bishop of almost the whole world. He died at Cavsarea about 340. Euse- bius has the reputation of being the most learned of the Church fathers after Origen. His chief works are: (1) The Ghronicon, a history of the world down to the celebration of Constantine's Vicennalia at Nicomedia and Rome in 327-28. It is particularly valuable for its extracts from old writers. (2) The Prwparatio Ecangelica, in 15 books, a collection of extracts from heathen authors fitted to prepare the way for Christian- ity. (3) The Dcmonstratio Erangclica, in 20 books, a work intended to convince the Jews of the truth of Christianity from the evidence of their own Scriptures. (4) The Uistoria Ecch si- astica, in 10 books, relating the principal oc- currences in the Christian Church to the year 324. Unfortunately Eusebius omits all account of the wickedness and dissensions of Christians, considering such matter not edifying. Eusebius's complete works are in Migne, Patrologia Gm xix.-xxiv. The Prcrparatio and Demonstratio were edited by Dindorf (Leipzig, 1867-711; the Ecclesiastical History, Life of Constantine, and Oi-ation in Eulogy of Constantine by Heinichen (Leipzig, 1868-70) ; the Chronicon by Schone- (Berlin, 1867-75). Critical editions of the / of Constantine and Ecclesiastical History are announced in the series Griechische christliche Schriftsti Ih r der i rsten drei Jahrhunderte (Leip- zig. 1 !)<»•_> o:i ). There is an English translation of the History, by A. C. McGiffert, in the Xiaiir ,nnl Post-Nicene Fathers (2d series. New York. 1890), with prolegomena and elaborate note-. Translations of some of the minor works also appear in the same volume. Consult: Sch.me, Die Wcltchronik des Eusebius in ihrer Bearleitung durch Hieronymus (Berlin, 1900), and for a critical discussion of I he text of the Martyrs, Violet (Leipzig, 1896) ami Harnack (Essen, 1898). EUSEBIUS hi Emesa (c.300-59). A Sen Arian bishop, lie was horn at Kdcssa. alioul 300. He was a pupil of Eusebius of Caesarea, and also studied ai Alexandria. Averse to theologi cal controversy, he declined the bishopric of Alexandria after the deposition of Athanasius. I atei however, he was appointed Bishop of Emesa (the modern n s), and filled the post,