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* EUPHRATES. 274 EUEE. a teeming population. In the Bible the Euphra- tes is 'tlit river, 1 or 'the great river' (cf. Gen. xv. 18; Deut. i. 7). It was one of the four rivers of Eden, and the only one mentioned without description (Gen. ii. 14). In the dreams of the Hebrews concerning dominion it represented the eastern limit of their territory (cf. Deut. xi. 24; Joshua i. 4). In exilic times the Hebrews be- came very familiar with the river, and there are many allusions to it in the prophets, particularly Jeremiah. For centuries the river was the east- ern limit of the Roman power, and under the caliphs its banks were lined with prosperous towns, where the arts and literature flourished. Consult: Chesney, The Expedition for the Sur- vey of the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris (London, 1850) ; Peters. Nippur: or, Explorations and Ad- ventures on the Euphrates (New York, 1897). See Babylonia. EUPHFvOSYETE, fi-frosl-ne (Lat, from Gk. 'EiKppotxvvri, the personification of joy, from evtppwv, euphron, joyous, from e5, eu, well + tppr/i>, phren, mind). One of the three Graces (q.v.). EUPHTHALMINE, uf-thal'min ( from Gk. e5, eu, well + 6<p0afj.6s, ophthalmos, eye). An arti- ficial alkaloid. Its hydroehlorate is used in solution as a substitute for atropine and hoinat- ropine for dilating the pupil in examinations with the ophthalmoscope. Although it requires about thirty minutes to produce complete dila- tation, it possesses the marked advantage that its effect passes off in from live to seven hours. Uomatropine causes dilatation for twenty-four to thirty-six hours and atropine for several days. While effectually dilating the pupil, euphthalmine has little effect upon accommodation and can be used without danger of causing glaucoma (q.v.). ETJPHTJES, u'fti-ez, or The Anatomy of Wit. A famous romance by John Lyly'(1579). The scene is laid in Athens ami the hero, Euphues, is a graceful and witty young Greek. In form, the work follows the extravagant and flowery mode of speech then prevalent. It treats of the molding of English society through Italian in- fluences, and of the right principles of education. A sequel was published in 1580 under the title Euphues and His England. ETJ'PHUISM (from Gk. ei)0e>)s, euphyes, clever, from eS, eu, well -4- tpvrj, phye, nature, from tpvetv, phyein, to produce). A term used in Eng- lish literature to denote an affected style of language, fashionable for a short period at the Court of Queen Elizabeth. The word was formed from the title of the book which brought the style into vogue, the Euphues of John Lyly (1579). The style was imitated by Shakespeare in Lore's Labour's Lost, and caricatured 1> Scott in The Monastery. See Lyly, John. ETJ'PHYLLOP'ODA. See BRANCHIOPODA. EUPIONE, u'pi-on (from Gk. einrtuv, eupiSn. very fat. fromeS, eu, well + trluv, pion, fat |. An extremely mobile oil, obtained from the lighter portions of the liquid products of the destructive distillation of wood, coal, etc. EU'POLIS (Lat., from Gk. EforoXis) (c.446- 411 i>. c). An Athenian poel of the Old Comedy, ranking with < 'rat inns and Aristophanes. His first play was produced in B.C. 129, when he was but seventeen years old. He produced in all fourteen, or, according ti> Suidas. seventeen pieces, of which -even won the firsl prize, in the early part of his career he was on terms of close friendship and collaborated with Aristophanes, but later the relation was changed so that each accused the other of plagiarizing from his dramas. Eupolis died apparently in n.c. 411 in a naval battle, in consequence of which mis- fortune it is said the Athenians thereafter ex- empted poets from military service. The frag ments are collected in Meineke, Fragmenta Comi- roruiii t; rtt tor it in. vols. i.. ii. (Berlin, 1839-57); Kock, Comicorum Atticoruut Fragmenta, sol. i. (Leipzig, 1880). ETJRAQTJILO, u-rak'wi-lo (from Gk. Efyos, Euros, east wind + Lat. Aquilo, northeast wind, i.e., an east-northeast wind). The popular name, given doubtless by sail"]-, fur the wind which struck the ship on which Paul was making his voyage to Rome. The ship had left the shelter of Cape ilatala, on the south coast of Crete, with the purpose of making the winter harbor of Phenix (Authorized Version, Phenice), further westward on the same island (Acts xxvii. 13, 14). In the Authorized Version, following in- ferior manuscript reading, it is called Eurocly- don. It came evidently in a sudden change from the mild south wind under which the ship was sailing, and consisted in a violent gale descending from the mountainous heights of the island and accompanied with typhonic manifestations. ETJRA'SIANS (from Europe + Asia). A term of varied application. In India it has been used for more than half a century to denote the mixed offspring of European and Hindu parents. Following the geological designation of the seem- ing unity of the continents of Europe and Asia as Eurasia, the word Eurasians came to be used in an allied ethnographic and ethnological sense. Thus Keane (1890) finds the cradle-land of the Aryans in the Eurasian steppe, and Deniker (1900) makes a Eurasian group, to include such peoples (TJgrians, Turko-Tatars, etc.) which have representatives in both continents. Sergi, in his Mediterranean Have (London, 1901), ap- plies the term Eurasiatic to that variety of man which "brought with it into Europe [from Asia in the later Neolithic period] flexional languages of Aryan or Indo-European type." ETJRE, er. A northwestern department of I'' ranee (.Map: France, G 2). formed from parts of the ancient Orleanais, Perche, and Normandy. Area, 2300 square miles. Population, in 1890, 339,- 312; in 1901. 331.184. Its surface is level. The principal liver is the Seine, which, entering the de- partment from the southeast, Hows through it in a northwesterly direction to Pont-de -l'Arche. The I'ure. from which the department derives its name, and the Rille, both affluents of the Seine, are the only other important rivers. The chief products are grain, hemp, flax, vegetables, and truits. particularly apples and pears, from which large quantities ol cider and perry are made. The breeding Of cattle, horses, anil sheep is fa- ^Ted by extensive meadow and pasture lands. There are extensive iron ami copper works. Cot- ton goods, cloth, linen, glass, pins, and stone- ware are likewise manufactured. Capital. Evreux. ETJRE. A river in the northwestern pail of France, and a tributary of the Seine l Map: France, II 2). It rises in the Department of i one. Hows first soullieasi into the centre of the Deportment of Eure-et-Loir, then north and northwest through the departments of Eure-el