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* EUDES. 266 EUGENE. jurisdiction. Their rule was approved by the Pope in 1674. They met the rivalry and jealousy of the Oratorians, and the more .since the latter were more or less affected by Jansenism, which the Eudists resisted. Seminaries were opened in various places before the death of Eudes at Caen, August 10, 1680. The Congregation was in great favor under Louis XVI.. but fell in the confusion of the time and was dissolved in 1794. In 1826 it was reorganized and is now flourishing in France. In 1041 Eudes founded the Order of 'Daughters of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge,' for i In rescue ami restoration of fallen women, which under slightly different names still exists. Consult Alontzey, he Pcre Elides et ses Instituts (Paris, 1869). EU'DIOM'ETER (from Gk. etfSios, eudios, clear weather + /j.irpov, metron, measure). A graduated glass tube used in the analysis of gases. Joseph Priestley used such an apparatus to determine the quantity of oxygen in atmos- pheric air; and hence the name, which signifies measure of purity. A eudiometer may be either straight, U or V shaped. Near its sealed end it is provided with platinum electrodes fused into the glass ; by means of these, gases may be caused to combine in the tube under the influence of electric sparks, and then the change of volume caused by the reaction is directly shown by the eudiometer. EUDO'CIA (Lat., from Gk. EMoKia, Eudo- Kin). The name of several Byzantine princesses, of whom the most important was the wife of the Emperor Theodosius II. She was born about 393, the daughter of the sophist Leontius. or Leon, and was educated by her father. Her ac- complishments and her singular beauty were reckoned by Leontius a sufficient fortune, for at his death he left all his property to her two brothers. Eudocia appealed to the Emperor at Constantinople. Pulcheria, the sister of Theodo- sius, was interested in the maiden, and thought she would make a suitable wife for the Emperor. She was married to the Emperor in a.d. 421. For many years, however, Pulcheria ruled in the im- perial household and councils, Eudocia, accord- ing to Xicephorus, 'submitting to her as mother and Augusta'; but in 447 a quarrel broke out between them in regard to the Eutychian heresy, of which Eudocia had become a supporter. At first Eudocia was triumphant, and Pulcheria was banished; but in a short time the Emperor was reconciled to his sister, and treated Eudocia so sharply that she retired to Jerusalem, where he died A.D. 400-01. Her latter days were spent in works of piety and charity. Through the in- lluence of the famous Symeon Stylites, she was induced to renounce Eutycbianism and become an orthodox Catholic Christian, she wrote a poem in heroic verse on the victory obtai 1 by the troops of Theodosius over the Persians, a.d. ■til or 122 : a paraphrase Of eight books of Scrip- ture; a paraphrase of Daniel and Zeehariah; and a poem in three books on the history and martyr- dom of Cyprian and Justina. The authorship nf Homero-Centonea, a work composed of vei - en from Homer, and so arranged as to appear a history of the fall of man and of hi, redemption by < hrist, h:i~ also (but without sufficient rea- son > been at! ributed to her. EUDOX'IA FEODOROVNA, fa'6-dd-rov'na (1669 L731 I, A Czarina of Russia, she was the daughter of the Boyar F'eodor Lopukhin, and at the age of nineteen was married to Peter the '.out. who was at that time seventeen. Her family belonged to the conservative parly, and before long this fact operated to effect a rupture between her husband and herself. In 1698 -lie was imprisoned in the Convent of Susdal, where she is said to have carried on an affain d'amour with Major Glieboff. On the occasion of the trial of her son Alexis, she was brought to Moscow (17 IS), and upon his condemnation she was transferred to the Monastery of Ptaraya Lodoga near Schliisselburg. In 1 72S the accession to the throne of her grandson, Peter II., enabled her to return to Moscow, where she died. EUDOX'US (Lat., from Gk. EMo'oj, Eudox- os) (c.408-355 B.C. ). One of the most prominent of the Greek mathematicians. He was born in Cnidus, was a pupil of Archytas, who was head of the Pythagorean School at Tarentum, and studied for a few months under Plato. He founded a school at Cyzicus. Diogenes Laertius speaks of him as an astronomer, physician, legislator, and geometer. It is thought that Euclid v., and xiii., 1-5, dealing with propor- tion and the five regular polyhedra, is largely due to him. He is said to have invented a curve called the lirirovtSri, (horse-fetter), like an 8 on its side. EUFAU'LA. A city in Barbour County, Ala., 80 miles southeast of Montgomery; on the Chat- tahoochie River, and on the Central of Georgia Railroad (Map: Alabama, D 4). It is a ship- ping point of some importance, and has manufac- tures of cotton goods, cottonseed oil, and fertil- izers. The Union Female College, opened in 1S.34, is located here. Eufaula is governed under a revised charter of 1S80, which provides for a mayor, elected biennally, and a unicameral city council of which the executive is a member. The water-works are owned and operated by the citv. Population, in 1890, 4394; in 1900, 4532. ETJGA'NEAN HILLS (named after the an- cient Italic tribe of Euganei). A range of hills in the western part of the Province of Padua, near Padua, Italy ( Map : Italy, F 2). They are of volcanic formation and quite isolated. The high- est point, Monte Venda. has an altitude of over 1900 feet. The range contains a number of min- eral springs and valuable stone-quarries. EUGEN, oi-gan', Frtjedbich Karl. Duke of Wurttemberg ilTss-1857). A Russian general, born at els, Germany lie was a nephew of the Emperor Paul of Russia, and at an early age en- tered the Russian service. At the age of seven- teen he was advanced to the rank of major- general, lb- was made lieutenant-general at the battle of Smolensk (August 17, 1812), and distinguished himself in the engagements at Borodino, Tarutino, Krasnoi, Liitzen, Bautzen. Kubn. and Leipzig, lie was commander of the Seventh Russian Army Corps during the Russo* Turkish war of IKl'x, and permanently resigned from the service after the peace of Adrian- ople. His principal works are: Erinnerungen mis <li in Feldzugi des Jahres 1X1! in Russland is h;i : and Memoiren (1862), a volume of in- terest ing recollect ions. EUGENE, n-jen'. A city and (lie county s,- : ii of Lane County, Ore., 124 miles south of Port land: at the head of steam navigation on the