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* EUCHRE. 264 EUCLID. at the right of the dealer. Five cards are dealt to each player, by two at a time, and three at a time, or vice versa. The dealer turns up the top of the undealt cards for trumps. In suits not trumps, the cards rank as at whist, from ace down; in the trump suit the knave (termed the right bower) is the highest trump, and the other knave of the same color, either black or red (termed the left bower), is the next highest, this card being, of course, omit- ted from the suit to which it would otherwise belong. The best form of the game is when played by four persons; but two, three, or even more than four persons may play, if the rules be adapted accordingly. In two-handed euchre the non-dealer looks at his hand and decides whether he will play it. If he be satisfied and think he can make three tricks, he 'orders up.' The dealer then discards his lowest and least useful card, and takes the trump card into his hand; in this case, however, the dealer must succeed in taking three tricks, or he is 'euchred,' and his opponent scores two points. If the non-dealer be not satis- fied with his hand, he says 'pass.' The dealer then has the option of taking up the trump as before, or of passing also. If the trump be ordered up or taken up, the play of the hand com- mences; if both players pass, the dealer places the trump card face upward underneath the pack, called 'turning it down.' The non-dealer lias then the privilege of naming the suit which shall be trumps, which must be another than that previously turned up. If he 'make' a trump he must succeed in taking three tricks or he is euchred; but if he pass it again, the dealer has the option of making it. If both pass a second time, the hand is thrown up, and the other player deals. When the card turned up is red. and the trump is made red, it is called 'making it next'; the same with black. If the trump be made a different color from the turn-up, it is called 'crossing the suit.' If the hand be played, the non-dealer leads; the dealer plays to the card led. He must follow suit if able, otherwise he may play any card he pleases. The highest card of the suit led wins the trick; trumps win other suits. The winner of the trick leads to the next. If a player make all five tricks he scores a 'march,' equal to two points; if he make three or four tricks he scores one point. In three- handed euchre the option of playing or passing goes to each in rotation, beginning with the player to the dealer's left. The player who orders up, takes up, or makes the trump, plays against the other two, and if they succeed in euchring him. each of them scores two points. This is often termed 'cut-throat euchre,' because any one of the three players is liable to be -op- posed by the other two. Four-handed euchre is generally played with partners, who are ™i for and ii opposite each other as at whist: if a t have a strong hand he can decide to 'play alone' single-handed againsi the two adversaries, and his partner cannot object ; a player cannot order up his partner's trump unless lie plays alone. Should the lone player succeed in making a march he Bcores four: if he win (lure or lour tricks he scores one: if he fail to win three tricks the opponent -(ore- two. Sometimes, as in rail- road euchre, ■■< blank card called 'little joker' or 'the joker' is added, ami is the highest card in the pack, the bowers following; Bometimes it is upon to allow the player who makes more than five points to carry the surplus (called a lap) to the next game; or to allow a 'lone' player to call for his partner's best card. In French euchre only 24 cards are used, all below the nines being discarded. Another French va- riety called 'Napoleon' has been very popular in England in the last twenty years. After the deal the players are called upon in rotation to declare how many tricks they can take, the dealer last unless some other player shall have declared he can take the whole five tricks; if he does not, he is euchred; if he does, he collects double chips from each player; if less than five tricks is the highest bid, and he wins the number he declares, he collects single chips from each player. Progressive Euchre. A popular form of the game, in which a large number of players take part, the players being seated at tables num- bered consecutively from one upward to as many as may be necessary. The players being seated, four at each table, the games begin according to the regular four-handed game. No. 1 is the head or king table, and the players seated at this govern the game as far as time is concerned. The signal is given by ringing a bell at the head table. Lone hands only count two points at this table. If there is a tie at any of the other tables, the winner is decided by cutting the cards or deal- ing another hand. The progression consists of the winners moving from a lower table to the next higher, the losers remaining in their seats. The game continues to revolve in this fashion until the time fixed for the limit of the game. Each player keeps tall}' of the games won or lost individually. These games are then summed up. To the two who have won the most games the first prize is awarded. EUCKEN, oik'en, Rudolf Christoph (1846 — ). A German philosopher. He was born at Aurich, East Friesland, and studied philology, his- tory, and philosophy at Gottingen. He was pro- fessor of philosophy at Basel from 1871 to 1874, and since 1874 has held the same chair in the Uni- versity of Jena. His works on systematic philos- ophy and on the history of philosophy are note- worth}'. Several of his philosophical works, nota- bly the Geschichte ami Kritik der Qrundbegriffe der Gegenwart (1878; 2d ed. 1893) and Die he- bensanschauungen der grossen Denkrr (1800; 3d ed. 1899), are widely known. Among his arti- cles which have been translated into Eng- lish are the following: '"Liberty in Teaching in the German Universities" (1897); "Are the Germans Still a Nation of Thinkers?" (1898); "Progress of Philosophv in the Nineteenth Cen- tury" (1899); "The Finnish Question" (1899) J "The Philosophy of Friedrich Froebel" (1900); "The Present Status of Religion in Germany" i lmii). EU'CLASE (from Gk. <?, ew, well + xXdcns, Iclasis, break, from i<> 3.^,1 Inn, to break). An alu- minium and glucinum silicate that crystallizes in the monoclinic system. It is a transparent, pale- green, sometimes blue, mineral, found chiefly in schistose rocks in Brazil, especially at Villa Rica, and also in the southern Ural. Its great hard-, ami its capacity for taking a polish, make it of value as a gem stone, hut its rarity prevents its extensive use. n is also called prismatic » mi raid, EUCLID, u'klid (Gk. KiWcV. Eukleidls) The most famous of the Greek writers on geom