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* EU. 262 EUCALYPTUS. its fine Gothic church and for the Chateau d'Eu, a low seventeenth-century building of red brick, with high, tent -shaped roofs of slate. Louis Philippe expended large sums on the embellish- ment of the chateau, which he inherited in 1821, and especially on its magnificent park and the unique portrait-gallery. Eu. manufactures sail- cloth, ropes, soap, lace, and silk. Population, in 1901,5398. Consult: Vatout, l.< chateau d'Eu, notices historiques (Paris, 1830) ; id., Residences rut/ales (Paris, 1839). EU, Prince Louis Philippe Mabie Ferdi- nand Gaston d'Okleans, Comte d' (1842 — ). A Brazilian soldier. He was born in France. the eldest son of the Due de Nemours and the grandson of Louis Philippe. In 1864 he was married to Isabel, heiress apparent to the throne of Brazil. lie was a marshal in the Brazilian Army, and was commander-in-chief of, the allied forces in the war with Paraguay, which he- brought to a successful termination in 1870. During Emperor Dom Pedro's long visits to Eu- rope, the Comte d'Eu had the direction of Brazil- ian affairs, but he became very unpopular, owing to his ultra-clerical views, and, after the procla- mation of the Republic in 1889, retired to France. EUA, a-oo'a. One of the Tonga (q.v.) or Friendly Islands, situated about 10 miles south- east of Tongatabu, in latitude 21° 25' south, and longitude 174° 50' west. It is about 15 miles long by eight miles wide. Its surface is nigged ; the lushest elevation, however, reaches an alti- tude of but 600 feet. EUBCE'A, MGh: prcm. ev'vi-a (Lat. f rom Gk. Et»/3oia, Euboia, rich in cattle, from «*, ett, well + /3o0r, bous, ox, cow; unofficial modern Gk. and Turk. Egripo; It. Negroponte). A long, narrow island of Greece, stretching along the northeast coast of Locris, Bceotia, and Attica, from which it is separated by a narrow channel, the north- western part of which is the channel of Atalante (the Eubrran Sea of the ancients) and the nar- rowest part of the strait to which the ancients gave the name of Euripus. At Chalcis the Euripus contracts to a width of a few rods. At the north the Channel of Trikeri separates Euboea from Thessaly, of whose eastern mountains, Ossa and Pelion, the Euboean range is a continuation. The extreme length is about 100 miles, and its breadth varies from 30 miles to about four. The island is intersected by a chain of mountains running north- west and southeast, and attaining in the centre in the range of Mount Delphi (Gk. AA0?7, ancient Aipvs), an elevation of about f>72r> feet. In an- eient times copper and iron were mined in the island, and Carystus was the source for the green and white Cipollino marble, much used in ancient Rome. The mountains are still well Oi di 1, and in the north are hoi sulphur springs, much sought in ancient and modern times [or their medicinal qualities. There is an abundance nf good pasturage, and the valleys on the west coasi are fertile, especially the famous Lelantian Plain, between Chalcis and Eretria, for the pos- e ion of which those cities waged a long war. The chief products are oil, wheat, fruit, and boney. The inhabitants ire chiefly engaged in the breeding oi i title; they export wool, hides, and cheese, as well as oil and grain. The chief towns an i balcis (q.v.) mi the Euripus and Carystus on the south coast. Greek tradition told oi Abantes and Dryopes as the earliest inhabit- ants, who were joined by lonians from Attica, and founded the chief ancient cities of Chalcis and Eretria, which attained such prosperity as to send colonies to Italy. Sicily, and especially to Chalcidice, on the coast of Thrace. In B.C. 506 Chalcis was conquered by the Athenians, and after the Persian wars the whole island came under their control. After the Peloponnesian War Euboea became independent, and the island was the scene of intrigues and fighting between the Athenian, Theban, and Macedonian parties, until the battle of Cha;ronea (B.C. 338) brought it finally under the power of Macedon. Under the Romans it had a nominal independence from B.C. 194 to 146, when it became part of the Prov- ince of Macedonia. The conquest of Constanti- nople by the Crusaders in a.d. 1204 brought the seaports under the rule of the Venetians, and after many petty wars they became masters of the whole island' in 1306. It was taken by the Turks in 1470, and remained in their possession until the Greek Revolution. In 1830 it was made part of the new Greek State, of which it now forms a nomarchy. Consult: Baumeister, Topo- graphische Skizze der Insel Euboia (Liibeck, 1864) ; Bursian, Geographie von Griechenland (Leipzig, 1868-73). EUBUOJDES, ti-bu'li-dez (Lat., from Gk. E{/3ouXi'5?7S, Euboulides), OF Miletuso. A Greek philosopher of the Megaric school in the fourth century B.C. He is not known to have written anything, but he is credited with the invention of several of the most false and captious syllogisms of his school. He was a strong opponent of Aristotle, whose writings he repeatedly censured, and whose character he calumniated. Demosthenes is said to have studied dialects under him. EUBU'LUS (Lat., from Gk. ECjSowXos, Eubou- los). An Athenian orator and statesman, con- temporary of Demosthenes. He was of the peace party in Athens, and became administrator of the city finances, an important position, but of which the exact duties are little known. He was succeeded in this office by Lycurgus, the celebrated financier. Eubulus was the friend of .Eschines. and was concerned in all the events of interest during the middle of the fourth century. EUBULUS. A Greek poet of the Middle Comedy, who flourished about B.C. 375. He is said to have written 104 plays, mainly on myth- ological subjects, and in simple, elegant language. Some of his works parodied the early tragedies, particularly those of Euripides. Fifty titles and the extant fragments of his plays are collected in Meineke, Fragmenta Oomicorum Grcecorum (Ber- lin, 1839-57), and in Kock. Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta (Leipzig. 1884). EU'CALYP'TUS (Xeo-Lat. from Gk. eB, ett, well -f- Kainrr6s, kalyptos, covered, from KaXiirreiv, kalyptein, to cover). A genus of trees and shrubs of tbe natural order Myrtacese, embracing about 150 species, all but four or five of which are natives of Australia and Tasmania only. The few exceptional species are found from the Malay IV ninsula southward through the Fast Indies. The t rees arc of st riking appearance and, with related species of the same family, are- quite character- istic of the Australian forests. They have entire, leathery leaves t bat conta in considerable volatile oil. Upon the young shoots of many s| ies the leaves are opposite, and have their upper and lower surfaces disposed as in ordinary plants.