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* ETTMTJLLER. •258 ETYMOLOGY. He also gave his attention to the old Norse litera- ture, as is shown by an edition of the I auluapS (1830), translations and a Norse reading book, and wrote several original poems. ET'TRICK. A valley in the south of Selkirk- shire, Scotland, watered by the Ettriek River, which rises near Ettriek Pen, 2258 feet high. The river runs 28 miles northeast and falls into the Tweed. Its chief affluent is the Yarrow, which runs 2.5 miles from the west through a beautiful and poetically celebrated vale. Ettriek Forest, a royal hunting tract, swarming with deer till the time of James V.. included Selkirkshire and some tracts to the north. In Ettriek Vale, at Tushie- law, dwelt the celebrated freebooter or king of the border. Adam Scot, who was summarily executed by James V. James Hogg, the Scottish poet, known as "the Ettriek Shepherd," was a shep- herd in this part of the country. Consult Craig- Brown, History of Selkirkshire (Edinburgh,- 1886). ETTRICK SHEPHERD, The. See Hogg, James. "ET TU BRTT'TE!" (Lat.. And thou also, Brutus ! ). The words commonly believed to have been uttered by Julius Cresar when struck by the hand of Brutus. There is, however, no ancient Latin authority for attributing them to Ca>sar. The strong popular belief in their authenticity is a remarkable tribute to the genius of Shake- speare, who puts them into Caesar's mouth at the moment of his fall (Julius Cwsar, III. i. 77). The words occur in other Elizabethan writers. ETTWEIN, et'vin (1721-1802). A Moravian bishop. lie was born of Waldensian ancestry at Freudenstadt, Wiirttemberg, June 29, 1721; joined the Moravians 1739; was ordained 1746; came to America as a traveling evangelist and missionary to the Indians 1754, and preached in eleven of the Colonies, and to twelve Indian tribes. During 1776 and 1777 he was chaplain in the general hospital of the American forces at Bethlehem, Pa. Later he negotiated with Con- gress in behalf of the Christian Indians, and rep- resented the Moravians in dealing with the Gov- ernment. In 1784 he was consecrated a liishop: in 1787 he founded the Society of the Tinted Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen, which is still active. He prepared a dictionary and phrase-book of the language of the Delaware Indians, and published an account of their customs, traditions, etc. He died at Bethlehem. Pa., January 2, 1802. ET'TY, Wiii.iam (1777-1849). An English painter, born at York. March 10. 1777. In ac- cordance with the wishes of his father, lie served seven years of apprent ieeship t.i a printer of Hull. He was, however, enabled to prosecute his studies in painting through the generosity of his uncle, William Etty, win. in 1806 invited him In visit London. In 1807 he entered the Royal Academy School, studying under Fuseli, and he also studied privately for a year under Sir Thomas Lawrence, lie copied a great deal from the old masters in the National Gallery, and was a constant student in tie- Life School of the Academy, which he contii I I., attend even after he had I me an Academician. He paid :. brief vi^it to Paris and Florence in 1816, and in 1822 he took a longer 'iey I.. Italy, spending mosl of his time in Venice From his studies of i he Venetian ma-. ten lie acquired thai excellence in coloi for which his works are chiefly known. He was made an honorary member of the Academy of Venice. On his return to England, in 1824, his "Pandora Crowned by the Season" was much applauded, and he was made a member of the Royal Academy in 1828. From this time he was very successful, and amassed a good competence. He resided in London until 1848, but on account of failing health he retired to York, where he died Novem- ber 13, 1849. Etty's best works are figure pieces, mostly on classical subjects. They arc marked by a certain charm of color, his carnation being particularly good. The composition is also good, but the drawing is sometimes faulty, and his work lacks life and originality. He always endeavored to inculcate moral lessons by his pictures. He him- self considered his best works to be "The Com- bat," the three "Judith" pictures, "Beniah, David's Chief Captain," "Llysses and the Sirens," and the three pictures of "Joan of Are." A num- ber of his important works are in the National Gallery, the South Kensington Museum, and the National Gallery of Scotland. Consult: his "Autobiography." in Art Journal (London, 1849) ; Gilchrist. Life of W. Etty (London, 1855) ; Cosmo Monkhouse, "Etty," Dictionary of National Biography (London, 1889). ET'YMOLOGTCUM MAGKNTJM (Lat., great etymological work). The name commonly given to a ( (reek lexicon which dates from the early part of the tenth century a.d. The compiler is un- known, but the work was based on a similar work of the ninth century, which should properly bear the title, and another lexicon similar to the extant Etymologicum Gudianum. The ninth century ety logicum no longer exists uncontaminated by later additions, but it is clear that it preserved in purest form the basis of the numerous Byzan- tine etymologica which have been transmitted to us. These all profess to give the etymologies of the words contained in them — hence the name. In spite of the fanciful derivations they often contain much valuable material. On the whole subject, consult Reitzenstein, Geschichte der grie- chischen Etymologika (Leipzig, 1897). The best edition of the Etymologicum Magnum is by Gaisford (Oxford, ' 1848). The Etymologicum Gudianum and others are edited by Sturz (Leip- zig. 1810-20). ET'YMOL'OGY ( Lat. etymologia, from Gk. i-v /iooyla, from eru/zos, rtymos, true ---oyla, -login, account, fromX^yeov, legein, to say). That branch of philology (q.v.) which deals with the deriva- tion of words and with their comparison in dif- ferent members of the same language-group. In its relation to the other great subdivisions of linguistic science, phonology, morphology, and syntax, etymology stands in closest association with phonology. Without rigid scientific adher- ence t.. phonetic law (q.v.) there can he m. real etymology. On the other hand, phonology in its n. .ii physiological aspect is based on etymology. The earliest of all the branches of linguistics to attrael attention was etymology. The word was tirst used as a philosophical, not as a linguistic term. The Greek Sti.ies. in their disputations wild Hie skeptics, asserted that language existed i.v n.iiiiie.n.ii i.v convention. Words were there fore leal (Gk. trv/tot), and it was the task ..I" etymology, according to the Stoic view, to prove