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* ETHNOLOGY. 252 ETHYLENE. E. STRAIGHT OK WAVY HAIK. DARK, BLACK EYES RACES AND SUB-RACES Light brown skin, very hairy body, broad and concave nose, dotichoceph- 1 AiDU alic. Yellow skin, smooth body Prominent nose, sometime convex, tall stature, ellip- 1 p 7.- nt, s t an tical form of face, brachy- or meso-cephalic. J ' Short stature, flattened, sometimes concave, nose, pro- / jecting cheek-bones, lozenge-shaped face, dolichoeeph- {Indonesian. alio. l stature, prominent, straight or concave nose, I South American (sub-races Paleo-Ameri meso or dolicho-cepbalic. j can and South American). Warm F. STRAIGHT HAIR ( S ™?!'iL a (_ Tall stature, meso-cephalic. -i nose j Snort stature, brachycephalic skiu i Straight nose, tall stature, brachycephalic, square face. Brownish-yellow skin, short stature, round flattened face, dolichocephalic. ITurned-upnose, short stature, brachycephalic. Straight or concave nose, short stature, meso- or dolicho-cephalic, projecting cheek-bones. Straight nose, medium stature, strongly brachy- cephalic. Pale yellow skin, projecting* cheek-bones, Mongoloid eye, slightly brachy- cephalic. North American (sub-races Atlantic and Pacific). Central American. Patagonian. Eskimo. Lapp. Ugrian (sub-races Ugrian and Yenisian). Turkish or Turco-Tatar. Mongol (sub-races Northern and South- ern). Consult: Deniker, The Races of Man (London,' 1900) ; also Keane, Ethnology (Cambridge, 1890), where the family tree of the Hominidoe is worked out. The schemes of Brinton, Friedrich Midler, de Quatrefages, Topinard, Haeckel, Flower, and Kollman, will be found in the sum- maries of "Progress in Anthropology," published in the Smithsonian Reports from 1880 to 1891. The latest classification published is Deniker's, who makes 29 races and sub-races of man in 5 main divisions: (A) ^Yoolly hair, broad nose; (B) Curly, or wavy hair; iC) Wavy brown or black hair, dark eyes; (D) Fair, wavy, or straight hair, light eyes; (E) Straight or wavy hair, dark, black eyes; (F) Straight hair. A (1) Bushmen (Hottentot and Bushmen sub- races ) . X< grito I Negrillo and Negrito sub-races ). Vi gro ( Xigritian and Bantu sub-races). !/• lanesian (Papuan and Melanesian sub-races). B (5) Ethiopian. .1 ustralian. Dravidian (Platyrhine and Leptorhine sub-races). (8) Assyrioid. i '.i i 1ml,,- Vfghan. A rah or S< m ite. Bi i !>■. i 4 sub-races). Lilt (iral Europt an. lh, i o-Jnsular. , sti i a Europt nil. l ,1 1 iatic. Xorlhi in European. Eastt i a European. Ainu. Polym stan. I ml, in, siail. South American (Paleo- American and South American sub races). F (22) North American (Atlantic and Pacific sub-races). Central American. Patagonian. Eskimo. Lapp. I grian il grian and eneseian sub- race 7 in l, Ish or Turco-Tatar. Mongol (Northern and Southern sub- rai ■■ The ification by physical characteristics are the following: (2) (3) (4) (6) (7)

Illl (12) (13) (14) i 1 :,. in;) I 17) (IS) 19) (20) (21) (23) I 'ii ( 25 i (26) (27) i !8) Thomas H. Huxley, "Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind," in Journal of lh. Ethnological Society (London, 1870); Friedrich Miiller, Allyemeine Ethnographic ( Wien, 1879) : Hermann Weleker, Die Capacitiit und die ,lr, I Haupt messungen der Schiidcl-Kapsel (Ar- chiv fur Anthrop., vol. xxi., 1886) ; William H. Flower, classification of the Varieties of the Hu- man Species; A. de Quatrefages de Brun, His- tnin ginerale des races humaines (Paris, 1889); Ernest H. Haeckel, Anthropogenic (Leipzig, 1891): A. H. Keane, Man: Past and Present (Cambridge, 1899) ; J. Deniker, The Races of Mm, (London, 1900). ETHTTL (from cth-er + -yl), C 2 H„. A radi- cle, or group of atoms, often found in chemical compounds of carbon, but incapable of inde- pendent existence. See Carbon Compounds. ETH YLAIITNE (from ethyl + -amine, from om-monia + -ine), C^H^NHj. An organic base produced when a mono-halogen substitution product of the hydrocarbon ethane is heated with a solution of ammonia in alcohol. The most con- venient method of preparing ethylamine consists in gently warming propion-amide (C 2 H 5 CONH 3 , the amide of propionic acid) with bromine and an excess of caustic potash, the transformation taking place in two steps according to the follow- ing chemical equations: 1. C,H 5 CONH 2 + Br, + KOH = Propionamide GH.COXHRr + KBr + H 2 Bromo-propionamide 2. CYILCOXHBr + 3KOH = Bromo-propionamide C,H S XH 2 + KBr + K 2 CO s + H»0 Ethylamine Ethylamine is a colorless, inflammable liquid boiling at IS.; . It resembles ordinary am- monia in odor and in other properties; combines willi acids to form crystalline salts; and forms double -alts with the chlorides of gold, platinum, etc. When treated with nitrous acid it is changed to ammonia; and when warmed with chloroform and caustic |Mila-li. it is converted into ethyl- iso-eyan ide (a carbylamine having the formula C II NO), which may be readily recognized by its remelj disagreeable smell. See also Amines. ETH'YLENE (from ethyl + -cue), or Oi.k- fiant Gas, C : Hj. A gaseous com pound of carbon and hydrogen Inning a peculiar sweetish odor. It i- colorless and but sparingly soluble in water.