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* ELSINOKE. 13 ELUTRIATION. a charming site, with several interesting build- ings, notably the town hall and the hospital. To the north is the Castle of Kronborg, built by Frederick II. of Denmark in 1577-85. to insure the collection of tolls from vessels passing through the strait, the toll being exacted till 1857. This imposing castle, now used as barracks, is asso- ciated with Shakespeare's Hamlet. The platform before the castle, where the ghost appears in the play, is shown the visitor, as is also Hamlet's so-called tomb — a column on a hill not far away. Marienlyst, formerly a summer residence of the royal family, now a bathing-place, lies three-quar- ters of a mile to the northwest. Elsinore's in- dustries consist chiefly of eloth-weaving, net- making, and ship-building. The harbor is excel- lent, admitting ships of 20 feet draught, and is frequented by numerous vessels, especially for re- pairs. Coal is the principal article of import. Population, in 1890, 11,070; in 1900, 13,784. EL'SON, Louis Charles (1848-). An American writer on music, born in Boston, Mass. After studying music in Boston and Leipzig, he returned to Boston, where he became editor of the Vox Humana. Afterwards he wrote for the Musical Herald and the Boston Courier, and be- came musical editor of the Boston Advertiser. After 1881 he was a lecturer at the New England Conservatory of Music, making two long lecture tours every season. Elson translated and ar- ranged many songs. His first literary success was Curiosities of Music (1883). Among his other books are German Songs and Song Writers (1884); The Great Composers (1897), which has had much vogue; Our National Music (1899, a standard work); and Shakespeare in Music (1900). ELSS'LER, Fanny (1810-84). An Austrian dancer, born in Vienna. Along with her elder sister, Therese, she was trained for the ballet in Vienna and Naples. The first triumph of the sisters took place in Berlin, where they ap- peared in 1830. In her subsequent travels, by her beauty, amiability, and mastery in her art, Fanny charmed all classes of society. In 1841 the two sisters went to America, where they excited unwonted enthusiasm. After Fanny had earned laurels in Saint Petersburg, she returned, in 1851, to Vienna, to take a final leave of the stage. She then retired to Hamburg, where she remained till in 1854 she settled finally in Vienna.— Therese (1808-78) was less graceful than her sister, but also exhibited great strength, boldness, and agility. In 1S50 she became the wife of Prince Adalbert, of Prussia (who died in 1873), and was made Baroness von Barnim by the King of Prussia. EL'STER. The name of two rivers of Ger- many, more exactlv known as the White and the Black Elster (Map: Germany. E 3). The former, rising at the foot of the Elster Moun- tains, on the northwest boundary of Bohemia, flows north as far as Leipzig, where it turns westward, and empties into the Saale (q.v.). three miles south of Halle, in Prussian Saxony. Its chief affluent is the Pleisse, which joins it near Leipzig. Its total length is nearly 120 miles. It has been made navigable for small vessels as far as Leipzig, not far from which point the river divides, the left branch, known as the Luppe, also flowing into, the Saale. The Black Elster rises in the Kingdom of Saxony, within two miles of Elstra, flows north into Prussia, then bends northwest and joins the Elbe 8 miles southeast of Wittenberg. Its total length is about L35 miles, of which only about 40 miles have been made navigable. EL'STRACKE, Reginald, or Renold. An English engraver, who was born probably in Lon- don, or who came originally from Belgium, accord- ing to some, and lived in London in the early part, of the seventeenth century. He worked chiefly for booksellers, and executed his plates entirely with the graver. The prints of his portraits are very scarce. His works express a good deal of char- acter in a firm and forcible manner, but are of more interest historically than as works of art. His chief work was a volume of thirty-two plates, Basiliwlogia; a Bookr of Kings, being the true and lively effigies of all our English Kings from the Conquest unlill this present (1618). Among his portraits are those of Mary Stuart, Queen Elizabeth, and Lord Darnley. EL'TON (Tatar Altan-Xor, Gold Lake). A salt lake in the Russian Government of Astra- khan, situated about 70 miles east of the Volga (Map: Russia, G 5). It is oval in shape and covers an area of 62 square miles. It is very shallow and its bottom is covered with salt. It receives eight salt-water streams, but has no visible outlet. Salt began to be extracted from the lake as early as 1655. In 1747 the Govern- ment began to work the salt deposits of Elton, and the output up to 1862 amounted to over 8,000,000 tons. With the opening of the Crimean salt fields and the construction of the railway to the salt lake Bakuntchak, the working of the Elton salt deposits was given up (1802) by the Government. ELTON, Charles Isaac (1839—). An Eng- lish lawyer, educated at Balliol College and at Trinity College, Oxford. He was elected justice of the peace at Somerset, and was a member of Parliament for West Somerset from 1884 to 1885, and from 1885 to 1892. His principal works include: Commons and Waste Lands (1868); Copyholds and Customary Tenures (2d ed. 1893); Custom and Tenant Right (1882) ; and Origins of English History (2d ed. 18901. ELTON, James Frederic (1840-77).. An Eng- lish explorer. He was attached to the staff of the French army in Mexico, in 1866. and pub- lished an account of his adventures there, entitled With the French in Mexico (1867). Soon after his return from Mexico, he went to Natal and began a series of explorations through Africa, the results of which were reported by him in liis journal, illustrated by himself with exceptionally fine maps and sketches. These journals were edited by H. B. Cotterill. under the title Tram Is and Researches Among flic Lakes and Mountains of Eastern and Central Africa (1S79). While returning from a successful mission to the chiefs of several African tribes, he was stricken with fever, and died in Ugogo, near the town of Usekhe, and was buried there. ELUTRIATION (from Lat, elutriare, to wash out, from elucrc, to wash out, from e. out -f- luere, to wash). The process of separating fine and coarse pulverized materials by putting them in suspension in water and taking advantage of the different rates of sedimentation for the vari- ous materials. Thus, coarse, heavy substances