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* ESTREES. 228 ESZEK. d'Amerval de Liancourt, but Henry had the mar- riage dissolved and summoned her to Court. So great was his infatuation that he stood ready to divorce his wife Marguerite and to marry Gabrielle, and it was only her sudden death in 1599 that prevented the step. She died Mar- chioness of Moneeaux and Duchess of Beaufort, and beloved of all the Court excepting Sully. Her character was one of great simplicity and kind- liness. Consult Desclozeaux. Gabrielle d'Estre'es (Paris, 1889). ESTRELLA DE SEVILLA, a-stra'lya da sa- ve'lya, La. A comedy by Lope de Vega, abound- ing in strong situations. The 'Star of Seville,' Estrella Tavera, is defended by her brother Bustos against the pursuit of King Sancho, and the latter, in revenge for the affront, deputes Don Ortiz, Estrella's lover, to provoke him to a duel, in which Bustos is killed. Ortiz is con- demned through the exertions of Estrella. though she still loves him, but is pardoned, and the lovers separate. ESTREMADTJRA, esh'tra-ma-doo'ra. A prov- ince of Portugal bounded by Beira on the north, by Alemtejo on the east and south, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the west (Map: Portugal, A 3 ). Area, 6876 square miles. The surface is generally mountainous except in the south. The chief river is the Tagus, which divides the prov- ince into two parts. The climate is temperate and healthful; earthquakes occasionally occur. There are extensive forests, and the soil in certain sections yields good crops of grain and fruit. The population is sparse and the province is in a. generally backward condition. The chief com- mercial seaport is Setubal. For administrative purposes Estremadura is divided into the three districts of Lisbon, l.eiria. and Santarem. Popu- lation, in 1890. 1.091,401; in 1900, 1,232,593. ESTREMADURA, Ss'tra-ma-doo'ra. An old province of Spain, situated in the southwestern part of the country, and bounded on the north by Leon, on the south by Andalusia, on the west by Portugal, and on the east by New Castile (Map: Spain, B 3). It is divided into the two provinces of Badajoz and Caceres. Area. 16,700 square miles. Although a continuation of the high tableland of New Castile. Estremadura differs somewhat in the formation of its surface, lis northern part is occupied by the well wooded Sierra de Gredos and Siena de Gata. The portion between the Tagus and Guadiana, tin- chief rivers of Estremadura, is less elevated and has a sandy soil. South of the Guadiana the country becomes more sterile and contains little agricultural land. I'.nt even in the fertile portion of Upper Est reniailiira agri- culture is in a stale of neglect, more attention being paid to the breeding of domestic animals. Copper, lead, silver, and coal are found, hut are only slightly exploited. The chief articles of commerce are animal products, which are largely smuggled into Portugal. Population, in issT. 821,300; in 1S97. 844,976. The inhabitants are and illiterate, and from want of roads are isolated from the res! of Spain. They make ellenl soldier. however, having produced ■< of conqu a nd gem i als. ESTREMOZ. es'tra mos'. town in the ['im ince of Vlemtejo, Portugal, situate,! about 32 rail northea I of Evora I Map: Portu- ouilt :ii .in altitude of over 1500 feet, and is defended by two half-ruined forts. Estremoz is famous for its earthenware of porous clay, which is in use all over the penin- sula. In the neighborhood is quarried marble of different colors, and the town exports fine wool. Population, in 1890, 7107; in 1900, 7857. ESTREPEMENT (OF. estrepement, from es- l yrper, to waste, from Lat. ecolirpare, to uproot, from ex, out -f stirps, trunk of a tree). Ill Waste or spoliation of lands, committed by : tenant for life or years. Used in this sense, the term has become obsolete, having been supplanted by the term waste (q.v. ). (2) An ancient writ or process of the common law instituted to re- strain or prevent the commission of waste. In Pennsylvania, where there are no courts of equity, the writ of estrepement is still in use for tlie purpose of preventing waste. ESTRIEICATION. See Esters. ESTRTJP, Jacob Bbonnum ( 1825—). A Dan- i-h statesman, born at Sore.. He took his seat in the Landsthing in 1S04, was leader of the Agra- rians, and active in the revision of the Constitu- tion in 1866. From 1865 to 1869 he was Minis- ter of the Interior, in which capacity he furthered the railway service of the kingdom. In 1875 he became president of the Council and Minister of Finance. He was continually involved in difficul- ties with the Folkething, and only shortly lie- fore his resinnation in 1894 secured an agreement respecting the budget. In 1900 he again became a member of the Landsthing. ESTUARY (from Lat. wstuarium, estuary, from mstus, tide). The widened channel at the mouth of a river, in which there is marked tida action. An estuary is usually formed by sub- mergence or 'drowning' of the river valley, which then is subjected to the erosive action of tides and waves. The channels of estuaries are gener- ally shoal and are obstructed by shifting bars. During the How of the tide, the sand and mud brought down by the river is carried up the estuary and partially deposited, while a portion is borne down again by the ebb. This continual oscillation of sediment is evidenced by the tur- bidity of the waters. In many estuaries the tides rise very rapidly, advancing against the river current in the form of a huge wave, a phe- nomenon commonly called *hore' (q.v.). Good examples of estuaries are found at the mouth of the Delaware, Saint Lawrence. La Plata; the Thames and Severn in England; the Elbe in i eiinany, and the Gironde in France. See RlVER. ESZEK, os'ak (Ger. Esseg, Croat. Osjek). royal free city of Croatia Slavonia, King- dom of Hungary, the principal town and t lie chief industrial and commercial centre of Sla- vonia. capital of the County of Verocze (Map: Hungary, F 4). It is situated on the Drave which is navigable from here to the Dan- ube, 7* miles southeast of Szahadka (Maria- Theresiopel). The city consists of (lie fort- ress, I he upper town, the lower town, and the new town. Its chief public edifices are (he resi- dence of the fort's commander, the town hall, the county building, and the casino with theatre. The manufactures include notably silk goods. The transit trade is considerable, the main arti- cles being grain, meat. wood. oak. slaves, fruit, honey. Iw.'k was the Mursa or Mursia of the Romans. During the Hungarian Revolution the