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* ESMANN. 310 / Stiftelsen (1886): / Provinsen (1890). Den Familie (1892); Magdalen, (1893) ; ; Den store Ifosfcerod. (1895) ; I »»''<> /«<"■' » (1898); Cef em (1899); Ai»«ier < ™ * (ore (with Sven Lange) ; and Sangennden (1U01). ESMARCH, es'marK, Johannes Feiedrich August vox (1823—). A German surgeon, born ■it Tanning, Sehleswig-Holstein. He studied modi- cine at Kiel and Gottingen, and in the Danish War of 1848 served as lieutenant, as assistant surgeon, as chief physician of the citizens' hos- pital at Flensburg, and lastly as adjutant of Dr. Stromeyer He became professor and director of the hospital at Kiel in 18.37, and during the Sehleswig-Holstein War, 1864, he was eminent in ,ital work, and during the Franco-German War, 1870-71, he was jmysician-general and con- sulting surgeon to the army. In 1871 he returned to Kiel as professor of surgery. His second wife is the Princess Henriette of Sehleswig-Holstein, aunt of the present Empress of Germany. He was for many years the greatest authority on gunsh.it wounds." He originated valuable improve- ments in barrack hospitals, ambulances, etc., and is the inventor of the bloodless method of operating on the extremities, which consist- of applying a bandage firmly to the extremity from its distal point upward, thus pressing the Mood out of the limb before applying the tourniquet. In this way danger from venous congestion after constricting the limb is avoided. This method was invented by Esmarch independently and in ignorance of similar suggestions by Grandesso Silvertri. of Vicenza. Among his medical works Ueber Besektionen nach Schussumnden L851) Beitragi u praktischt n Chii iti gie I [853 60) : / eber chronischt Gelenkentziindungeti (1867) ; I eber den Kampf der Eumanitai gegen ,h, Schrecken des Krieges (1869; 2d ed. 1899); Dei erstt Verband auf dem Schlachtfelde (3d ed, 1899) : Verbandplatz und Feldlazarett ( 1871 ) ; l, i„ i l iinstlicht HI a iU < re bei Operation! n i 1873 i ; Uandbuch der kriegsehirurgischen Technik (1877 and several subsequent editions); and Dii erste //,/,- /„, pldtzlichen Ongliicksfallen. Ein Leit- faden far Samariterschulen i I7ih ed. lliOl). ESMARCH, Karl (1824-87). A German jurist. He was horn al Sonderburg, and was educated at Kiel, Bonn, Heidelberg, and Berlin. In 1 s.3.3 he became professoi of Roman law at i racow, and two years later al Prague, where hi remained until his death. Besides a number ..i epic poems, published under the name Karl run Ahin. he wrote the well known legal work entitled RBmische Rechtsgeschichte (2<1 ed. 1877- 80). ESMENAED, 6s'ma'nar /, Joseph Aiphonse (1770-1811). A French publicist and | t, born at Pelissane (B hes du Rhone). Alter t raveling ivel; hi etl led in Paris and became part editor of La Quotidienne (1797) and /.< Uercure ■ (1798). During the • lonsulate he wa retarj to the Admiral Villaref Joyeuse, Governor o) Martinique and afterwards was eon-iil to the island oi Saint Thomas ( 1804). ne published his poem La naviga ■ hich had it - in piral ion man] fore in hi* early travels iii America. He into the Academy in 1810, and incurred the displea lure ol Napo li mi by o sal ii ical ■■ Ru is in ' • Jour tor which he was obliged to ESOTERIC. His works include the librettos of leave France, several operas. ESMERALDA, es'ma-ral'da. The unhappy sweetheart of Quasimodo, in Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris; a gypsy dancing girl who makes a pet of a goat and is gibbeted as a witch. ESMERALDAS, es'nia-ral'das. A port of Ecuador and capital of the province of the same name, situated at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River on the Pacific Ocean (Map: Ecuador, A 3). It is the centre of a cacao and tobacco- growing district. The town is the seat of a United States consular agent. The name Esme- raldas was given by the Spanish conquerors, on account of the number of emeralds discovered in the vicinity. Population, about 3000. ES'MOND, Beatrix. A cousin of Henry Es- mond, in Thackeray's novel of that name; a beautiful, vain, ambitious woman, who also ap- pears in The Virginians as Mine, de Bernstein. Henry Esmond was in love with her for a time. and for her sake involves himself in the plot to restore the Stuarts after the death of Queen Anne. ES'NE (Egyptian Snet, Coptic Bn4). An Egyptian town on the left bank of the Nile I latitude 25° 15' N., longitude 32° 8' E.), about half way between Erment and El Kab. By the Greeks it was called Latopolis, from the fish latos which was revered there. Esne was a place of con- siderable importance, especially in Roman times. The temple, dedicated to the god Knum. was probably built under the Ptolemies on the site of an older structure. The great portico of 24 columns contains many inscriptions of Roman emperors. One of these bearing the name of Decius (a.d. 250) is the last heiroglyphic in- scription to be found in Egypt. Near Esne is the ancient convent of Ammonius, said to have been founded by the Empress Helena in honor of the martyrs who perished here in the persecu- tion under Diocletian. See Champollion, Notices descriptives (Paris, 1844): Mariette, Monuments of Upper Egypt (London, 1S77); Lane-Poole, Egypt (London, 1881). ESO'PTJS WAR. An intermittent conflict be- tween the Indians and the Dutch settlers at Esopus (now Kingston) in Ulster County, X. V., which began in the summer of 1658. Some In- dians employed as field hands by the Dutch, while drunk and boisterous, were fired upon by the farmers. This gave rise to a scries of bloody reprisals on Ihe part of the savages, the most serious of which was the destruction of the village of Wiltwyck (the Dutch equivalent for the Indian Esopus), when 40 women ami children were carried off as prisoners and 21 men were killed. Governor Stuyvesant of New Nether- land, in retaliation, immediately sent up a force sufficient to punish the Indians, which it did thoroughly. In May, 1664, a treaty of friend- ship was concluded. ES'OTER'IC (Gk. i<ruTtput6s, csSterihos, inner, from ftroi, eso, within). A word that has been applied in ancient and modern times to mark a distinction supposed to exist between certain .Li ses of Aristotle's writings or discourses. The • joterie works, designed for the disciple-, were thought to be less popular, either in style or in treatment, and to contain more technical doe trines, than the exoteric works, which wore de-